1. Aim: To what extent are individuals willing to give up their rights for their country?

2. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini
Europe losing liberal, democratic values and falling to totalitarianism

3. Totalitarianism
form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state

5. Hitler Speech, March 1936
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What elements of nationalism do we see in the speech?
What is the purpose of the speech?

6. Totalitarianism
Form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state. 
Relates to nationalism how?

7. Post-WWI Italy Problems:
Angered over lack of territory gained in WWI, after joining Allies 1915
Economy in bad shape after the war
Communism in the air…

8. Mussolini and Fascism
Former history teacher and socialist, created and led the “fascist” political party [more on that later]
Preyed on middle-class fears of communism

9. March on Rome (1922) -Marked beginning of fascist rule in Italy
-Mussolini and his Blackshirts party marched into Rome
-Paramilitary groups (thugs) put city under siege
King of Italy granted Mussolini the position of prime minister, giving him contro of much of the gov.

10. Seizure of Power
To avoid civil war, King of Italy granted Mussolini the position of prime minister, giving him control of much of the gov.

12. What is fascism?

13. Post-WWI Germany
Weimar Republic-weak government of Germany after WWI, had parliament and elected president
Agreed to Treaty of Versailles terms
Rise of paramilitary groups
Economy in ruins->

14. Hitler and Nazism
Nazis=Far-right, anti- Semitic ultra nationalist party
Blamed Jews for stabbing Germany in the back in WWI
BUT ALSO HAD SOCIAL PROGRAMS…
1923-Hitler led party in attempted coup, failed and thrown in jail, used trial…

15. “My 4-1/2 year struggle against lies, stupidity, and cowardice” AKA Mein Kampf

16. 1932: Nazis received 36% of the Vote
Why? FEAR OF COMMUNISM by middle class and business men

17. 1933 Burning of Reichstag Building
Blamed on Dutch communist, probably set up by Hitler
Leads to Enabling Acts, giving Hitler dictatorial powers

18. 1936 Election in Germany
Nazi Party won 99% of the vote, largely rigged election
An example of a ballot: