1. Bell Ringer QUESTION #60 QUESTION #61
Answer the following questions in the EOC Practice Packet in the back of your INB:
QUESTION #60
QUESTION #61

2. Question 54
This photograph shows a military tactic that— a. made troops more vulnerable to long-range missiles, resulting in heavy casualties b. required highly skilled soldiers, resulting in lengthy training periods c. made frontal assaults difficult, resulting in long periods of stalemate d. required the ability to attack quickly, resulting in a reliance on cavalry forces

3. Question 55
What new aspect of combat during World War I is described in this passage? a. guerilla warfare b. nuclear weaponry c. biological weapons d. trench warfare
“A weary, exhausted, nerve-racked group of men … assembled north of Sommerance [France] to dig in for the night. The artillery was firing furiously, but the enemy’s [bombardment] ceased suddenly and now only occasional shells would explode in the vicinity. The weather was gloomy and the air chilled one to the bones. Yet it was with that [methodical] care that this characteristic of worn-out men, that we prepared our foxholes, carrying boards and iron sheets from abandoned machine-gunners’ dugouts to make our ‘houses’ as comfortable as possible, even in only for one night.” --William L. Langer, Gas and Flame in World War I

4. Essential Question: Why did the United States enter World War I?
The U.S. in World War I
Essential Question: Why did the United States enter World War I?

5. TEKS and Objectives
We will…
I will…
(2D) explain the significance of (4C) identify the reasons for U.S. entry into WWI (4D) understand the contributions of the AEF led by General Pershing (4F) analyze isolationism and neutrality (4G) analyze the Battle of Argonne Forest (26F) discuss importance of Alvin York
Summarize the main ideas of WWI by completing a graphic organizer

7. American Isolationism
Neutrality
U.S. did not take sides at beginning of WWI
President Wilson vowed to keep the country out of war during re-election campaign

8. Reasons for U.S. Involvement
Closer Ties with Allies
Most Americans had British ancestry/culture
Great Britain, France, and U.S. were democracies
German Aggression
Germany invaded Belgium (neutral)

9. Reasons for U.S. Involvement
Allied Propaganda
American newspapers ran stories and pictures depicting German atrocities against civilians
Zimmerman Telegram
Secret message from Germany to Mexico
Promised U.S. territory to Mexico in exchange for helping Germany

10. Reasons for U.S. Involvement
Freedom of the Seas
Right of neutral nations to ship non- military goods to nations at war
Main reason for U.S. involvement in WWI

11. The War at Sea British Blockade
Naval blockade prevented food/arms from being shipped to Germany
U.S. became main source for Allied arms, supplies, and food
Germans used submarines to sink merchant ships

12. The War at Sea Sinking of the Lusitania
British passenger ship on a trip from New York to Liverpool
Secretly carrying munitions for the British
Sunk by German submarine, killing 1,000 passengers
128 Americans killed; enraged Americans

13. The War at Sea Sussex Pledge French ferry on the English Channel
Attacked by German submarine
President Wilson threatened to break off relations with Germany
Germany pledged not to sink anymore passenger ships without warning or providing help to passengers

14. The War at Sea Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Blockade nearly starved out Germany
Germany announced it would sink all ships in blockaded areas
Violated freedom of the seas
Germans sunk American merchant vessels
Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war

15. U.S. Intervenes American Expeditionary Force General John J. Pershing
U.S. troops sent to Europe to fight in WWI
Most American troops arrived in 1918
General John J. Pershing
Leader of the AEF
Insisted soldiers be well-trained
Demanded American forces fight together (not be used to fill in gaps)

16. U.S. Intervenes African Americans Not allowed to serve in the AEF
Served directly under French command

17. Battle of Argonne Forest
Located in Northeastern France near Belgian border
Heavily defended by Germans
Hidden barbed wire, concrete walls, deep pit traps, and machine gun nests

18. Battle of Argonne Forest
AEF at Argonne
600,000 soldiers; 40,000 pieces of artillery
Shattered German defenses and opened a hole in German lines
Forced Germans to surrender

19. Battle of Argonne Forest
Alvin York
Drafted into the army at 29
Reportedly killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners with only a rifle and a pistol
Awarded the Medal of Honor

20. The Home Front, 1917-1918 Selective Service Act
Passed by Congress in 1917
Required all men (21-30) to register for military service
Millions of Americans registered for the draft

21. The Home Front, 1917-1918 American Economy War Bonds
War industries created many factories jobs
Female and African American employment increased
War Bonds
Certificates bought by civilians to fund the war

22. The Home Front, 1917-1918 Espionage Act of 1917
Curtailed civil liberties
Made it a crime to criticize war efforts

23. End of WWI Armistice Treaty of Versailles No decisive battle
Both sides agreed to stop fighting
Treaty of Versailles
Ends war with Germany
Allied Powers defeat Central Powers