1. 20c China:
From Republic to
Communist Power

2. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)
Elected as President of the United Provinces of China in 1913
Helped to build up the Nationalist party and groom Chiang Kai-shek for his future role as leader of the party

3. Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kai

4. China in 1924

5. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)

6. Mao With His Children, 1930s

7. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)

8. The Long March
1934

9. Nationalists vs. Communists
1927—Civil War breaks out between Nationalists & Communists
1931—Mao elected chairman of “Soviet Republic of China”
1934—Chiang Kai-Shek’s Nationalists successfully encircle Red army, Mao removed from power, Red army flees and begins Long March
Long March ends October 20, 1935—Out of 85,000 initial troops, only 8,000 survived the march

10. The Long March

11. Survivors of the March

12. Japan Invades China
1937

13. Japanese Aggression,

14. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai

15. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937

16. The Japanese Invasion, 1937

17. Japanese Bayonet Practice

18. Beheadings Took Place in Public!

19. UNIT 731: Bio-Chemical Warfare

20. The Communist
Revolution:

21. The Peoples’ Liberation Army (Previously the Red Army), 1949

22. The Communist Victory

23. Taiwan: The Republic of China

24. Chiang Kai-Shek ( )

25. The People’s Republic of China

26. Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants – land
Mao won support of women
Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China

27. The Great Leap
Forward (or Backward?)

28. Great Leap Forward, 1958 Communes
5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
Communes
Groups of people who live and work together
Property held in common
Had production quotas
Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

29. Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health care
One-party dictatorship
Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet

30. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954
Tibet --> an autonomous area
Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India