1. Brain and Language

2. The Brain: Basics The Hemispheres Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere
Connected by corpus collosum –a bundle of 200 million nerve fibers

3. The Brain: Basics 1/4” thick layer covering the brain
Makes human capable of higher cognitive functions
Gyri (bumps)
Fissures (depressions)
The Cortex

4. The Brain: Basics White matter – nerve cell fibers
Reflex actions – breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Sub-cortex

5. The Brain: Basics Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe
The Lobes
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

6. The Brain: Basics Cf. lobotomy Frontal Lobe
Beulah Jones:
Howard Dully:
Frontal Lobe
Concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement (motor cortex), emotions, and problem-solving.

7. Dr. Walter Freeman, the Lobotomist

8. The Brain: Basics Parietal Lobe
Concerned with perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain.

9. The Brain: Basics Temporal Lobe
Concerned with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (hearing) and memory (hippocampus).

10. The Brain: Basics Occipital Lobe
Concerned with many aspects of vision.

11. Lateralization and Contralateralization specialization of the hemispheres
The functions of each hemisphere are different.
e.g., Commissurotomy (split brain)
Severing of the corpus collosum
Patients can name object in the right sphere of vision but not the left.

12. Lateralization and Contralateralization specialization of the hemispheres
corpus callosum
Left hemisphere
Control RIGHT side of body
Language
Analytic reasoning
Time
Arithmetic
Right hemisphere
Control LEFT side of body
Music
Non–linguistic sounds
Patterns recognition
Visual and spatial skills

13. Left hemisphere of human brain
Language Center (on the left hemisphere):
Broca’s area: organizes the sound patterns of language
Wernicke’s area: comprehends words
Arcuate fasciculus: nerve fibers connecting Broca and Wernicke’s area to allow information sharing
Angular gyrus: converts visual stimuli into auditory stimuli and vice