1. Debate in Philadelphia
Chapter 10 – Lesson 2
Unit 5 – Life in a New Nation

2. Competing Plans Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan
Written by James Madison and Edmund Randolph
Congress needed greater power over states
Executive Branch to carry out laws
Judicial Branch to interpret laws
Larger states should have more representatives
New Jersey Plan
Proposed because they were worried about their votes not getting as much credit
William Paterson
Each state would have the same number of representatives in Congress

3. A Compromise Plan
Roger Sherman suggested Congress have two parts called houses
Senate:
House of Representatives:
Later called The Great Compromise

4. 3/5 Compromise
Only 3/5 of the slaves would count for the population count
Northern delegates would not take action against slave trade for 20 years
1808 Slave trade was outlawed

5. The Constitutional Convention
May 1787, 55 delegates met for the Constitutional Convention
Meeting was very secretive
They were challenged to strengthen the republic
George Washington elected leader of Convention
Delegates included James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
Many fought in Revolution
Wrote their state Constitutions
Smartest leaders in country

6. Our Constitution Begins with Preamble Major Goals Establish justice
Ensure peace
Defend the nation
Protect people’s well being and liberty
Set out the following:
Only national government can make money or laws about trade
Left over powers (reserved powers) went to each state (Ex: schools, roads)

7. The Three Branches of Government
Executive Branch
President
Commander and Chief of Armed Services
Vice President
Carries out laws
Can veto laws
Appoints Supreme Court Justices

8. The Three Branches of Government
Legislative Branch
House of Representatives and Senate
Makes laws
Establishes taxes
Can override President’s veto
Can refuse to appoint President’s candidates for Judgeships

9. The Three Branches of Government
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court
Other federal courts
Interprets or decides what laws mean
Decides if laws follow Constitution
Can overturn unconstitutional laws or President’s actions

10. Ratifying the Constitution
Only 39 of 55 delegates signed the Constitution
Benjamin Franklin was urging the rest forward
Nine states still needed to ratify
Convincing them would not be easy

11. Federalists vs Antifederalists
Used to be known as nationalists
Benjamin Franklin->
The Constitution was exactly what they wanted
It created a strong national government

12. Federalists vs Antifederalists
Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, John Hancock
Against the Constitution
Reduced power of state
Will President become a king?
National laws would be passed that weren’t suitable for whole nation
Are the rights of citizens protected?

13. Men who stepped up!
Thomas Jefferson argued that people should be guaranteed certain rights -> a bill of rights should be created
James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay fought for the Constitution
Wrote The Federalist, essays that appeared in newspapers
Argued against the Antifederalist argument

14. Bill of Rights Delaware was 1st to sign Constitution
Federalists were wanting a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution
New Hampshire was 9th state to ratify
All 13 ratified by 1790
When Congress met for the 1st time under the Constitution, they made 10 amendments to the Constitution or what we now know as the Bill of Rights