1. Eye Hand Coordination
Lab # 7

2. OUTLINE 1 2 3 4 5 6 Eye Hand Coordination Concept
Eye Hand Coordination Medical Background 4
Eye Hand Coordination Applications 5
Eye Hand Coordination Recommendations 6
Eye-Hand Coordination
Eye Hand Coordination Test
April 5, 2019

3. Eye Hand Coordination Concept
Do you…
Have good eye/hand coordination?
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

4. Eye Hand Coordination
In the public debate eye-hand coordination is often cited as the most important skill for playing action games and becomes the first line of defence for the position that you can learn from games
It is the process of coordinating movements of the eyes and hand/arm system so that they both move toward the same target.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

5. Eye Hand Coordination (Cont.)
This skill is often demonstrated through activities such as stringing, lacing, and cutting.
The development of eye-hand coordination begins around the age of eight to fourteen months as children begin to attempt to pick up objects they see. Eye-hand coordination continues to develop throughout the early elementary years.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

6. Eye-Hand coordination tasks
Hand-eye coordination involves four tasks:
Identification of the object to be manipulated.
Ballistic arm motion to the surrounding area of the object.
Pre-shaping and alignment of the hand.
Manipulation or grasping of the object.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

7. Eye Hand Coordination Medical Background
Do you…
Have good eye/hand coordination?
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

8. Eye The eyes are a major part of hand-eye coordination.
They see much around us.
However the eyes don’t really see objects. They actually see the light that the objects reflect or give off.
The light rays enter the eyes through transparent tissues and the eyes change the rays into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, which interprets them as visual images.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

9. Hand
To reach for an object, the brain identifies the objects images in both retinas and finds its directions relative to the two foveae.
To compute the objects location relative to the reaching arm, the brain must consider both eyes' orientations in the head, and the position of the head itself, whose rotation changes the distance between the eyes and the shoulder
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

10. Eye & hand
It is known that people reach more accurately when the eyes look straight at the target, rather than right or left of it. This happens even in darkness when the target and hand are no longer visible.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

11. Eye Hand Coordination Importance
Do you…
Have good eye/hand coordination?
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

12. Importance
Eye-hand coordination is a very important skill for several reasons. First, many self-help skills, such as tying shoes and buttoning coats, require well developed eye-hand coordination.
In addition, more advanced skills, such as writing and cutting, also require proficiency in this area.
As adults, we rely on well-developed eye-hand coordination on a daily basis. Driving a car and using a computer are just two of the ways adults use eye-hand coordination.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

13. Eye Hand Coordination Applications
Do you…
Have good eye/hand coordination?
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

14. Applications
Hand-eye coordination makes a big difference in our lives.
We need good eye–hand coordination to reach out and pick up a coffee cup, press a doorbell, or catch a ball.
Surgeons wouldn’t be able to perform delicate surgeries
Construction workers wouldn’t be able to swing a hammer or make cuts accurately without it.
Examples of tests of hand-eye coordination involve aiming (dart throwing), tracking (rotary pursuit), and tracing (mirror tracer, and two arm-coordination test).
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

15. Applications (Cont.)
Relates to ball skills, handwriting, cutting with scissors, and drawing
There are many different types of materials and activities that are designed to promote eye-hand coordination skills. Such lace cards, Stringing beads, Pegs and pegboards, Nesting boxes, Stacking cones, Puzzles, Scissors
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

16. Be A Surgeon! Do you… Have good eye/hand coordination?
April 5, 2019

17. Be a Dental! Do you… Have good eye/hand coordination?
April 5, 2019

18. Be a Radiographer! Do you… Have good eye/hand coordination?
April 5, 2019

19. Be A Pilot! Do you… Have good eye/hand coordination?
April 5, 2019

20. Be A Foot Ball Player! Do you… Have good eye/hand coordination?
April 5, 2019

21. Eye Hand Coordination Recommendations
Do you…
Have good eye/hand coordination?
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

22. Recommendations
To enhance your eye-Hand Coordination; take the following into account:
Both hands should be fully utilized.
The two hands should begin and end their motions at the same time.
The motions of the hands and arms should be symmetrical and simultaneous.
The work should be designed to emphasize the worker’s preferred hand.
1. Both hands should be fully utilized.
The natural tendency of most people is to use their preferred hand (right hand for right-handed people and left hand for left-handed people) to accomplish most of the work.
The other hand is relegated to a minor role, such as holding the object, while the preferred hand works on it. This first principle states that both hands should be used as equally as possible.
2. The two hands should begin and end their motions at the same time.
This principle follows from the first. To implement, it is sometimes necessary to design the method so that the work is evenly divided between the right-hand side and the left-hand side of the workplace. In this case, the division of work should be organized according to the following principle.
3. The motions of the hands and arms should be symmetrical and simultaneous.
This will minimize the amount of hand-eye coordination required by the worker. And since both hands are doing the same movements at the same time, less concentration will be required than if the two hands had to perform different and independent motions.
4. The work should be designed to emphasize the worker’s preferred hand.
The preferred hand is faster, stronger, and more practical. If the work to be done cannot be allocated evenly between the two hands, then the method should take advantage of the worker’s best hand.
For example, work units should enter the workplace on the side of the worker’s preferred hand and exit the workplace on the opposite side. The reason is that greater hand-eye coordination is required to initially acquire the work unit, so the worker should use the preferred hand for this element. Releasing the work unit at the end of the cycle requires less coordination.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

23. Recommendations (Cont.)
The worker’s two hands should never be idle at the same time.
Method should consist of smooth continuous curved motions rather than straight motions with sudden changes in direction
Use momentum to facilitate task
Take advantage of gravity – Don’t oppose it.
5. The worker’s two hands should never be idle at the same time.
The work method should be designed to avoid periods when neither hand is working. It may not be possible to completely balance the workload between the right and left hands, but it should be possible to avoid having both hands idle at the same time.
The exception to this principle is during rest breaks. The work cycle of a worker-machine system may also be an exception, if the worker is responsible for monitoring the machine during its automatic cycle, and monitoring involves using the worker’s cognitive senses rather than the hands. If machine monitoring is not required, then internal work elements should be assigned to the worker during the automatic cycle.
6. Method should consist of smooth continuous
curved motions rather than straight motions with
sudden changes in direction
It takes less time to move through a sequence of smooth continuous curved paths than through a sequence of straight paths that are opposite in direction, even though the actual total distance of the curved paths may be longer (since the shortest distance between two points is a straight line).
The reason behind this principle is that the straight-line path sequence includes start and stop actions (accelerations and decelerations) that consume the worker’s time and energy.
Motions consisting of smooth continuous curves minimize the lost time in starts and stops.
7. Use momentum to facilitate task
When carpenters strike a nail with a hammer, they are using momentum, which can be defined as mass times velocity. Imagine trying to apply a static force to press the nail into the wood.
Not all work situations provide an opportunity to use momentum as a carpenter uses a hammer, but if the opportunity is present, use it. The previous principle dealing with smooth continuous curved motions illustrates a beneficial use of momentum to make a task easier.
8. Take advantage of gravity – Don’t oppose it
Less time and energy are required to move a heavy object from a higher elevation to a lower elevation than to move the object upward. The principle is usually implemented by proper layout and arrangement of the workplace, and so it is often associated with the workplace arrangement principles of motion economy.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

24. Eye Hand Coordination Test
Do you…
Have good eye/hand coordination?
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

25. Equipment
Scoring Mirror Tracer: Measures an individual's basic level of function in the areas of color identification, shape and size discrimination, eye- hand coordination, understanding of spatial relationships, and ability to follow verbal instructions
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

26. SCORING MIRROR TRACER
An aluminum base with a non-conducting black (six pointed) star anodized into surface.
Hinged to one edge of the base is a mirror-finish plate of almost the same size.
Shield " 3rd plate " which operator adjusted by means of two supporting posts
Pencil-shaped stylus is electrically connected to one edge of base plate.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

27. Procedure
1. The student is asked to trace the pattern on the base plate by four different ways:
Clockwise direction using dominant hand
Counter clockwise direction using dominant hand
Clockwise direction using non dominant hand
Counter clockwise direction using non dominant hand.
2. The student is asked to trace the pattern among different locations different to the reaching arm
Straight forward
40 degrees to the left
40 degrees to the right
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

28. Non-Dominant hand in C.W.D
Results (1)
Trail #
Total Time
No. of Errors 1 2 3 4 5
Dominant hand in C.W.D
1.28
min
21 sec
53 sec
44 sec
33 sec 38 18 23 9
Dominant hand in
C.C.W.D 40
sec
24 sec
49 sec 44
51 sec 28 26 12 22
Non-Dominant hand in C.W.D 20
19 sec
22 sec
34 sec
29 sec 24 7 17
Non-Dominant hand in
25 sec
31 sec
41 sec 10 8
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

29. Non-Dominant hand in C.W.D
Results (1) 28
Trail #
Total Time
No. of Errors 1 2 3 4 5
Dominant hand in C.W.D
1.20 min 48
sec
39 sec
44 sec 20 36 37
Dominant hand in
C.C.W.D
52 sec
35 sec
38 sec
11 sec 33 19
Non-Dominant hand in C.W.D
26 sec
33 sec 46 6 14 26
Non-Dominant hand in
42 sec
15 sec 16 51
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019

30. Questions
Calculate the average time and average # of error for each trial
Compare between total time and # of error for both trials (use bar chart)
Find the correlation between time and # of errors obtained (use scatter diagram)
 What are your observations? Discuss. (Hint use graphical configuration)
Is there a significant difference between total time of each dominant and non-dominant hand.
Is there a significant difference between no. of errors of each dominant and non-dominant hand.
Eye-Hand Coordination
April 5, 2019