1. Anything that has mass &
M A T T E R
Anything that has mass &
occupies space

2. Mass Weight Stays Constant Measures quantity of matter
Unit is kilogram (kg) or gram (g)
Changes with location
Measures the pull of gravity (which changes) on an object
Unit is Newton (N)

3. Classification Substances Mixtures
All matter can be classified into two groups
Substances
Mixtures

4. Substances Elements Compounds
Cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical change
112 elements
Many atoms of one type=Element
Compounds
Elements in compound are combined in definite proportions
Always the SAME proportion for any given compound
The compound has new properties different from the elements that make it up.

5. Have the SAME properties as any other pure sample of the same element
Elements Compounds
Have the SAME properties as any other pure sample of the same element
Symbols H, O, As
Have the SAME properties as any other pure sample of the compound
Formulas: H2O, KCl, CO, CO2

6. H2O
C12H22O11 C H Co As
CO2

7. Consist of 2 or more substances that retain their individual properties

8. Homogenous Heterogeneous
The mixture has the same composition throughout.
Ex: Coffee is mixed thoroughly so that it is the same strength everywhere
Heterogeneous
The mixture has a different composition throughout. It is unevenly mixed.
Ex.: Trail mix – you can pick out the raisins if you don’t want them.

9. Mixtures Only one set of properties Composition always fixed
ex: H2O or Cl2
Always HOMOGENEOUS
Each constituent keeps it own properties
ex: sugar mixed in H20
Composition varies e.g. very sweet or a little sweet
May be Homogeneous or Heterogeneous

10. M i x t u r e s Element + other element Compound + other compounds

11. Classification Scheme
M A T T E R
Mixtures
Substances
Homogenous
Heterogeneous or Homogenous
Element + Element
Element + Compound
Compound + Compound
Element
Compound

12. Element-Compound-Mixture?
H2SO4
As (Arsenic)
Aqueous (water-based) NaCl solution
Sand + H2O
Steel girders
Steel = alloy
Alloy is a solid solution of 2 or more metals
C2H5OH
Zinc washers (pure Zn)

13. How to interpret them and what they mean!
Chemical Formulas
How to interpret them and what they mean!

14. Two Special Cases of Elements: Monatomic vs. Diatomic
Each molecule consists of a single atom.
Element examples:
Ne, Ar, Xe, Kr, Rn
Metals: Mg, Zn, Fe, Co, Na
Diatomic:
Each molecule consists of two atoms.
Element examples:
H2, N2, Cl2

15. Diatomic Elements
These elements have diatomic molecules – RECORD AND MEMORIZE!!!:
Hydrogen -- H2
Oxygen -- O2
Nitrogen -- N2
Chlorine -- Cl2
Fluorine -- F2
Bromine -- Br2
Iodine -- I2

16. How to interpret Chemical Formulas
What does H2O mean?
There are H (hydrogen) and O (oxygen) in this compound.
The small 2 (2) after the H means there are two hydrogens.
The O with no number (you do NOT write 1) means there is one oxygen.

17. Some Examples: H2SO4 S8 CH4 NaCl NH4Br KNO3 MgCl2 CuFeS2 C6H6
NH3 ZnCl2 Fe