1. The Roaring Twenties
Unit 8A
AP U.S. History

2. Election of 1920 Warren G. Harding (R) James M. Cox (D)
“A Return to Normalcy”
James M. Cox (D)
Eugene V. Debs (Socialist)
Received 913,664 votes despite incarceration

3. Warren G. Harding (R) (1921-1923)
“A Return to Normalcy.”
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)
Washington Naval Conference ( )
Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding died in office
Calvin Coolidge assumed presidency

4. Election of 1924 Calvin Coolidge (R) John W. Davis (D)
Booming economy and conservatism
John W. Davis (D)
Democrats split between conservatives and liberals (LaFollette)

5. Calvin Coolidge (R) (1923-1928)
“The business of the American people is business.”
National Origins Act (1924)
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

6. Election of 1928 Herbert Hoover (R) Al Smith (D)
First Catholic major party candidate

7. Herbert Hoover (R) ( )
“Given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon… be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation.”
Great Depression
Volunteerism
Stock Market Crash of 1929
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930)
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)
Bonus Army (1932)

8. American Consumer Society
Welfare Capitalism
Real income increases
Higher rate for owners, managers, skilled labor
Minimal increased rates for unskilled labor and working class
Insurance, profit-sharing, worker safety
Decreased influence of unions
Mass Production
Wide variety and availability of consumer products at affordable prices
Model T
Domestic appliances
Installment Plans
Impact of the Automobile

9. Consumer Ads

10. 1920s Society Blacks White Resentment
Lynchings increased especially in the South
Universal Negro Improvement Association
Marcus Garvey
Economic solidarity and advancement for blacks
Failed attempt of mass migration to Africa
Inspired black pride and nationalism

11. 1920s Society Immigrants First Red Scare and Nativism Quota Laws
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
3% of 1910 Census
National Origins Act (1924)
2% of 1890 Census
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial ( )
Two Italian immigrants executed for murder despite little evidence

12. 1920s Society Women Nineteenth Amendment and Voting Employment
Usually voted as husbands
Politicians catered to female-friendly legislation and programs
Employment
Clerical, teachers, nurses, domestic servants
Lower wages and no managerial positions
Margaret Sanger
American Birth Control League
Established Planned Parenthood
Flapper Girl
Young women of the Jazz Age
Short hair, short hemline, cosmetics, cigarette

13. 1920s Culture Wars Prohibition
Eighteenth Amendment and Volsteadt Act
Supported by middle-class progressives and rural Protestants especially in South and West
Generally ignored in urban centers
Bootleggers/Rumrunners
Smuggling of alcohol
Rise of organized crime
Al Capone
Speakeasies
Underground saloons

14. 1920s Culture Wars Ku Klux Klan

15. 1920s Culture Wars Religion
Fundamentalism
Literal view of Bible; Creationism
Attacked urban lifestyle and culture
Revivalists
Billy Sunday
Aimee Semple McPherson
Modernism
Liberal view of religion
Acceptance and coordination of science and context with faith
Scopes Monkey Trial (1925)
Law against teaching of evolution in Tennessee public school
Creationism
William Jennings Bryan
Evolution
Clarence Darrow

16. 1920s Culture Wars Hero Worship
Athletes, celebrities, innovators famed for individual accomplishment
A personification of American individualism
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Fueled tabloid and gossip columns in newspapers and magazines

17. 1920s Culture Wars The Jazz Age
Inspiration of rebellious youth and liberal reaction to conservatism and fundamentalism
Song and Dance
Jazz
Louis Armstrong
George Gershwin
Speakeasies
Dance Clubs
Waltz to Foxtrot to Charleston
Josephine Baker
Flappers
Radio
Mainstream medium
Networks: NBC, CBS
Cinema
Talkies
The Jazz Singer
Nickelodeons
Charlie Chaplin

18. 1920s Culture Wars Literature
The Lost Generation
Disillusioned by World War I, consumerism, and modernism
Ernest Hemingway
The Sun Also Rises
A Farewell to Arms
Sinclair Lewis
Babbitt
F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Great Gatsby

19. 1920s Culture Wars Harlem Renaissance
Fueled by the Great Migration
“Black is beautiful”
Black nationalist themes challenged racial stereotypes
Promote social and racial integration
Langston Hughes
Zora Neale Hurston
“Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How can anyone deny themselves the pleasure of my company? It’s beyond me.”
The New Negro: An Interpretation (1925)