1. What are proto-onc genes and onc genes?

2. What are proto-onc genes and onc genes?
Proto-onc genes are normal cellular genes that code for a product involved in promoting cell division
Onc genes are mutated proto-onc genes that cause cells to divide uncontrollably

3. Give four examples of oncogenic viruses

4. Give four examples of oncogenic viruses
Hepatitis B (Hepadnaviridae)
Human T cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) in the Retroviridae family
EBV in the Herpesviridae family
HPV in the papovaviridae family

5. What are prions?

6. What are prions?
Proteinaceous infectious particles

7. What are some diseases caused by prions?

8. What are some diseases caused by prions?
Mad Cow Disease (BSE)
vCJD (Variant Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease)
Scrapie

9. What family of viruses contain double-stranded RNA?

10. What family of viruses contain double-stranded RNA?
Reoviridae

11. What family of DNA viruses use reverse transciptase?

12. What family of DNA viruses use reverse transciptase?
Hepadnaviridae

13. What family of viruses contain double-stranded RNA?

14. What family of viruses contain double-stranded RNA?
Reoviridae

15. What are the five stages in the development of a disease?

16. What are the five stages in the development of a disease?
Incubation period
Prodromal period
Period of illness
Period of decline
Period of convalescence

17. What are Koch’s postulates?

18. What are Koch’s postulates?
Same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
Pathogen must be isolated from the disease host and grown in pure culture
Pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy host
Pathogen must be isolated from the newly diseased host and shown to be same as original organism

19. What is an endemic disease?

20. What is an endemic disease?
A disease that is constantly present in the population

21. What is mutualism?

22. What is mutualism?
A type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit