1. Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy for Retrocaval Ureter
Vladimir Mouraviev, Thomas J. Polascik 
European Urology Supplements 
Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages (April 2006)
DOI: /j.eursup
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2. Fig. 1
Scheme of location for insertion of 3 ports for laparoscopic approach.
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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3. Fig. 2
Intraoperative laparoscopic findings: (a) probe pointing to dilated proximal ureter above obstruction; (b) probe pointing to normal distal ureter below obstruction. Arrow is pointing an inferior vena cava respectively.
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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4. Fig. 3
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) preoperatively shows obstruction of mid-portion of ureter.
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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5. Fig. 4
Retrograde pyelogram preopreatively reveals retrocaval ureter as a cause of obstruction.
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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6. Fig. 5
Laparoscopic view of right ureter passing posterior to vena cava shows: (a) mobilized dilated ureter (arrow) above obstruction; (b) stenotic segment (arrow) of retrocaval portion of ureter.
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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7. Fig. 6 Laparoscopic view of completed anastomosis (arrow).
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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8. Fig. 7
Retrograde pyelogram postoperatively demonstrates patent anastomosis (arrow).
European Urology Supplements 2006 5, DOI: ( /j.eursup )
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