1. Section 2- The Louisiana Purchase
Chapter 10
Section 2- The Louisiana Purchase

2. I Control of the Mississippi
By 1800, nearly one million Americans lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.
Western farmers relied on the MS to ship wheat and corn.
Spain sometimes threatened to close the port of New Orleans.
1795, President Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to find a way to keep the ports open.
1. Pinckney Treaty- Spain agreed to let Americans ship their goods and store them in New Orleans.

3. E. In 1800, Spain signed a treaty giving Louisiana back to France.
F. French Ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte had already set out to conquer Europe.
G. Napoleon wanted to grow food in Louisiana and ship it to the French Islands in the West Indies.
1. Events in Haiti ruined Napoleon’s plan.
2. Napoleon sent troops to retake Haiti.
, Haiti declared their independence.

4. II The United States Buys Louisiana
Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to negotiate to buy New Orleans and West Florida from Napoleon.
Negotiated with Tallyrand, the French foreign minister.
Losing Haiti caused Napoleon to give up on North American plan. Needed money to finance costly wars.
Tallyrand asked Livingston if he wanted to buy all of Louisiana, not
just New Orleans.
Livingston and Monroe had no authority to purchase all of Louisiana, but offered the French 15 million.
The Senate approved the “Louisiana Purchase.”
The United States took control of the vast lands west of the MS. Size of the US doubled.

5. B. Americans knew little about this new territory.
C. Jefferson chose Meriwether Lewis, his private secretary, to head an expedition to explore the new land.
D. Lewis asked William Clark to go with him.
E. Asked them to map a route to the Pacific Ocean.
F. Wanted to learn about the Native Americans who lived in the territory and hoped they might begin to trade with Americans.

6. III Lewis and Clark Expedition
Fifty young men made up the “Corps of Discovery.”
B. May 1804, Lewis & Clark started up the Missouri River from St. Louis.
Slow progress to start due to strong current.
Immense fields with buffalo, deer, elk and antelope were some of the first sights.
Brought gifts for the Native Americans, including “peace medals” stamped with the United States seal.
F. Camped in North Dakota during the first winter.
1. Sacagawea (Shoshone tribe) was there as well.
2. She and French Canadian husband agreed to accompany Lewis & Clark as translators.

8. G. In the spring, the party made their way west.
Landscape changed. Big horn sheep, prickly pear cactus, even grizzly bears were common sights.
Came upon some Shoshone, one of whom was Sacagawea’s brother.
Shoshone supplied the party with food and horses. Also advised the best route to take over the Rockies.

9. H. Crossed the Continental Divide in the Rocky Mountains.
Continental Divide- mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent.
I. After building canoes, Lewis & Clark’s party floated toward the Columbia River in to the Pacific Northwest.
J. Finally on November 7, 1805, they reached their goal of reaching the Pacific Ocean.
K. Return trip to St. Louis took another year, but they brought back all sorts of useful information.

10. IV. Pike Explores the West
Prior to the return of Lewis & Clark, Zebulon Pike explored the upper MS River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico.
B. A mountain peak in the Colorado plains is now named “Pike’s Peak” after his exploration and discovery.
C. Pike entered Spanish territory, was soon arrested by the Spanish and taken to Mexico.

11. D. They took Pike’s maps and journals, but he was able to hide one map in the barrel of a gun.
E. His report on the expedition greatly expanded Americans’ knowledge about the Southwest.
F. Americans did not immediately settle the rugged western lands for a long time.