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Part 1: Stalin: Origins and rise ( )

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1 Part 1: Stalin: Origins and rise (1924-29)

2 I. Origins of Stalin Stalin Before the Revolution
Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili Influences: Messame Dassy, Marxism Early Revolutionary Activity: RSDLP Stalin During the 1917 Revolution Stalin After the Bolshevik Revolution Sovnarkom: Commissar of Nationalities Conflict with Lenin Stalin as an Organizational Leader: Politburo, Orgburo, Secretariat

3

4 II. Context of Stalin’s Rise
Russian Civil War ( ) War Communism Kronstadt Uprising Role of the Politburo Adoption of the NEP (1921) Scissors Crisis Resolution on Party Unity Lenin’s Illness Lenin’s Testament

5 Stalin’s Opposition Left Opposition Right Opposition Grigory Zinoviev
Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Right Opposition Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky Nikolai Bukharin

6 III. Russia by 1924 Characteristics of Lenin’s State:
Free Speech/Political Dissent Restrictions on Religious Freedom Purges & Show Trials Abolition of Trade Unions Concentration Camps Bureaucratic, One-Party State Secret Police

7 IV. Communist Party Structure
General Secretary Democratic Centralism Politburo Power Central Committee Congress of Soviets

8 Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky Nikolai Bukharin

9 V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise
Stage One: Lenin & Stalin Lenin’s Poor Health Cult of Lenin Lenin’s Funeral Suppression of Lenin’s Testament The Lenin Enrolment Leninism/Stalinism Key Ideas

10 V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise
Stage Two: Elimination of Trotsky Trotsky is Stalin’s Chief Rival Ideological Differences: Formation of the Triumvir ( ) Trotsky is marginalized “Permanent Revolution” “Socialism in One Country”

11 Triumvir Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Alexei Rykov
Mikhail Tomsky Nikolai Bukharin

12 V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise
Stage Three: Defeat of the Left Opposition Changes to the Politburo: Stalin supporters: Molotov, Kalinin, and Voroshilov Controversy Over the NEP Left Opposition: Kamenev and Zinoviev Stalin and Bukharin Stage Four: Defeat of the United Opposition Formation of the United Opposition (1926) Reaction by Stalin Expulsion of Kamenev and Zinoviev Exile of Trotsky

13 Triumvir Team Stalin Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Alexei Rykov
Molotov Kalinin Voroshilov Triumvir Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky Nikolai Bukharin

14 V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise
Stage 5: Defeat of the Right Opposition/Right Deviationists Formation of the Right Opposition: Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky The War Scare The Turn Left (1927) Defeat of the Right Opposition Stalin as a SPS Leader

15 FACTIONALISM Right Opposition Team Stalin Down with the NEP!
Molotov Kalinin Voroshilov War Scare! Left Turn! UNITED OPPOSITION FACTIONALISM Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Right Opposition Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky Nikolai Bukharin

16 VI. Analysis of Stalin’s Rise
Was Stalin’s Rise Legal? YES! Was Stalin’s Rise Popular? YES NEPMEN & Kulaks VS Russia

17 VI. Analysis of Stalin’s Rise
What accounts for Stalin’s Rise (Historiography)? Terminology Liberal & Intentionalist (Great Man Theory/Strong Leader) Structuralist & Determinist (Weak Leader)

18 What accounts for Stalin’s Rise (Historiography)?
Power Politics Structuralism Socio-Cultural Ideology Key Ideas Supporters

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