1. BLOOD TYPES

2. REVIEW
What is an antigen? A substance that can cause an immune response What is an antibody? Proteins in the blood that help destroy foreign substances

3. The Blood Types Are
A B AB O

4. What determines blood type?
Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens (proteins) on the surface of the red blood cells

5. The antigens are called A and B
Blood type A has the A antigen
Blood type B has the B antigen
Blood type AB has both A and B antigens
Blood type O doesn’t have either antigen

6. In addition, the plasma contains antibodies that react with the antigens the blood does not have (they detect foreign cells)
Blood type A contains anti-b antibodies
Blood type B contains anti-a antibodies
Blood type AB doesn’t have either antibody
Blood type O has both anti-a and anti-b antibodies

7. Blood Donations
When transfusions were first attempted, death sometimes occurred due to the agglutination which is the clumping of blood.

8. For a blood donation to be safe the recipients' blood must not contain antibodies that will react with the antigens on the donors red blood cells

9. For Example: Would it be safe for a person with Type A blood to receive a transfusion from a person with type B blood? Why?

10. No - because the Anti B antibodies in the A blood plasma will react with the B antigens on the B red blood cells and agglutination will occur.

11. RH Factor
The Rh factor is another antigen found on the red blood cells of approximately 85% of the population
Rh positive people
have the antigen
Rh negative people
lack the antigen

12. Rh factor
The Rh factor can be a problem when an Rh negative mother is pregnant with an Rh positive baby.
The mother will
build antibodies
against the child

13. Rh factor

15. BLOOD TYPES BLOOD TYPE ANTIGENS ON RED BLOOD CELLS
ANTIBODIES IN PLASMA A
ANTI-B B
ANTI-A AB
A AND B
NONE O
ANTI-A AND ANTI-B

16. SAFE MATCHES FOR BLOOD DONATIONS
BLOOD TYPE
CAN DONATE TO
CAN RECEIVE FROM A
A AB
A O B
B AB
B O AB
AB A B O O
O AB A B

17. BLOOD TYPE AB IS THE UNIVERSAL RECIEPENT
BLOOD TYPE O IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR