1. Nervous & Endocrine System:
These two body systems work together to maintain homeostasis within the body
Life Process: regulation
Corresponding cell organelle: nucleus
Targets:
What are the functions of the nervous system?
How is the nerve impulse transmitted?

2. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Song

3. A. Function:
To Control & Coordinate the bodies responses to changes in the environment
B. Why?
Homeostasis is constantly being threatened. Failure to respond may result in disease or death
C. How?
Uses neurons to send electrical messages (impulses) throughout the body

4. A. Stimulus and Response
Stimuli is a change in the internal or external environment of the body
Receptors are used to detect stimuli (sensory organs ie. ears, skin, nose, etc)
Response is the way you react to a certain stimuli
Effectors are organs or muscles that produce the response
Stimuli
Response
Bright light
Hunger
Wasp or bee
Eyes Blink and/or squint
Mouth Salivates, stomach growls
Use muscles to swat or move away

5. B. Neurons: (a.k.a. nerve cells)
nerve cells specialized for receiving and transmitting electrochemical signals called an impulse
functioning units of the nervous system
Video

6. 1. Nerve cell (neuron) “DCATS” – order of impulse
SYNAPSE T T S
1 = dendrite
Detects stimulus & generates an impulse towards the cyton
2 = cyton (cell body)
Contains the nucleus of the neuron
3 = axon (covered by myelin sheath)
A long fiber that carries the impulse away from the cell body and towards the terminal branches
Myelin sheath insulates/protects the axon
4 = end brushes (a.k.a: Terminal branches)
Secrete neurotransmitters (chemical messengers)
Impulse is transmitted to the next neuron across the synapse

7. Nerve Cell Communication: The shape of the neurotransmitter must fit the shape of the cell receptor.
Between 2 neurons (nerve cells) is a space, or a gap, called the synapse
Neurotransmitter: Chemicals used to help transfer the impulse across the synapse; shape specific
Nerves: bundle of neurons that transmits impulses

8. How does an impulse (an electrochemical signal) travel from one neuron to the next? 
The shape of the neurotransmitter must fit the shape of the cell receptor.
This is an example of specificity

9. Types of neurons a) Sensory From sense organs to brain/spinal cord
b) Interneurons
Found in brain and spinal cord
Btwn sensory & motor neurons
c) Motor
From brain/spinal cord to muscles/glands
sensory neuron
(from senses)
interneuron
(brain & spinal cord)
motor neuron
(to muscle)

10. Reflex Arc (Loop): Quick involuntary action; it doesn’t involve the brain
Neurons may release chemicals to stimulate each other, or these chemicals may be released to stimulate a muscle or gland. 
An example of a muscle being stimulated by a neuron appears after the reflex path pictured in number four in the diagram.
Receptor
Effector
“RSIME”- order of impulse in reflex loop
R- RECEPTOR (DETECTS STIMULUS)- ex. SENSORY ORGAN
S- Sensory neuron
I- INTERNEURON
m- MOTOR NEURON
E- EFFECTOR (RESPONDS TO STIMULI)- ex. MUSCLE OR GLAND

11. C. Divisions of the Nervous System
divided into 2 main parts:
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Targets:
What are the functions of the central nervous system?
What are the functions of the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

12. Mirror neurons (14 :00) - http://www. pbs

13. The Brain Pons Section 35-3 Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal gland
Thalamus

14. 1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Wrapped up in tissue layers called meninges.
Cerebrospinal fluid “bathes” them and protects the brain and spinal cord.
cerebrum: center for voluntary activity interprets sensory impulses, initiates some motor activities, and responsible for memory, thinking and reasoning
cerebellum: coordinates motor activities and aids in maintaining balance
medulla: controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and peristalsis (is part of the brain stem)

15. 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of spinal nerves (not the brain or spinal cord).
Sensory division: transmits impulses from sense organs to the CNS.
B. Motor division: transmits impulses from the
CNS to muscles or glands.
Somatic Nervous System: Regulates activities that are under conscious control, such as movement of muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates activities that are automatic or involuntary, such as heartbeat and digestion.
Pearson activity and coloring CNS WS

16. D. Nervous System Disorders
Very serious; the nervous system CANNOT repair itself
Stroke
Results from a cerebral hemorrhage or blood clot in a cerebral BV blocking blood flow to brain
2. Parkinson’s Disease
Loss of the functioning of a particular group of nerve cells in brain; missing dopamine (neurotransmitter)
Triggered by environmental factors and/or Genetic tendency
Symptoms: Shaking, Poor balance, Lack of coordination, Stiffening of Muscles
Michael J Fox Parkinson's Disease (2:13)
Scientific American Frontiers - Season 3 Prescription poison start time 15:20
3. Alzheimer’s
Progressive degenerative disease interferes w/ brain neurons causing cognitive problems
Symptoms are memory loss, Inability to think, speak or care for oneself
Of Mice and Memory (12:16)- Alzhemiers

17. 5. Multiple Sclerosis 4. Meningitis
inflammation of the meninges (brain & spinal cord tissue); can be viral or bacterial (is more serious)
Viral (viruses): includes Enteroviruses, Herpes, Mumps ,Varicella (chickenpox), Measles, Rubella and, West Nile virus
Bacterial: Bacteria enter upper respiratory system, then the bloodstream and travels to the brain; can die within hours
Video Meningitis Threatens Students (3:40) Meningitis
5. Multiple Sclerosis
Cells in the brain and spinal cord do not function properly due to destruction of myelin sheath
Symptoms: Shaking of hands, blurred vision, Slurred speech, Muscle weakness, and Loss of bladder control