1. Introduction to Matter
Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume

2. Section 1.1: Matter has mass and volume
anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Mass – the measure of the
amount of matter an
object contains
Volume – the amount of
space that an object
occupies
solids:
cm3
liquids: mL
measured
with a
balance
measured
in grams
(g)
not the same as
weight

3. Measuring Mass, Weight, and Volume Mass Weight Volume
Definition:
The amount
of matter an
object contains.
Definition:
The downward
pull on an object
due to gravity
Definition:
The amount of
space an object
occupies.
Instrument:
balance
Instrument:
scale
Instrument:
graduated
cylinder,
L x W x H,
water
displacement
Metric unit:
gram (g)
Metric unit:
newton (N)
Metric unit:
solids – cm3
liquids – mL

4. Mass Weight Volume Other information: weight of an object
will change with
location if the
gravity changes
Other
information:
solids, liquids,
and gases all
have volume
Other
information:
will not
change with
location

5. Your weight on different planets

6. Introduction to Matter
Section 1.2: Matter is made of atoms
Section 1.3: Matter combines to form different substances

7. Atoms
An atom is the smallest particle of matter.

8. Democritus’s Model Democritus suggested:
Atoms were the smallest particles of any substance.
Atoms cannot be divided.
Atoms differed in size, shape, and, weight.

9. Solid Sphere Model John Dalton 1803 Dalton explained:
Atoms are the smallest particle and cannot be divided.
Atoms that make up the same elements are the same.
Atoms that make up different elements are different.
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.

10. Plum Pudding Model J. J. Thomson 1897 Thomson proposed:
Atoms are made up of positively and negatively charged particles.
The negatively charged particles he called electrons.
The negative electrons are set in positively charged particles.

11. Planetary Model Ernest Rutherford 1911 Rutherford proposed:
An atom is made up of mostly empty space.
There is a center nucleus made up of positively charged protons.
Negatively charged electrons orbit around the nucleus.

12. Bohr Model Niels Bohr 1913 Bohr proposed:
Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels.
Only a certain number of electrons could fit at each energy level.

13. Electron Cloud Model Protons and neutrons are tightly
packed into the nucleus of the atom.
The electrons are in a cloud around
the nucleus but not indefinite orbits.

14. Two Parts of an Atom What is an atom?
the smallest particle that makes up matter
Two Parts of an Atom
Electron cloud
nucleus
most of an atom’s mass
most of an atom’s volume

15. Parts of an Atom
protons – positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom
neutrons – neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom
electrons – negatively charged particles found orbiting the
nucleus in the electron cloud

16. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, and each is
about 2000 times more massive than an electron.

17. The Atom
nucleus
electron
proton + +
neutron +
electron cloud

18. Electron Cloud Nucleus makes up most of an atom’s volume
mass
Contains:
Contains:
electrons - negative charge
protons- positive charge
neutrons - no charge

19. = - - - - - Normal atoms have no charge. the number of
positive protons
the number of
negative electrons
must equal - - + = + - + - + - +

20. http://web. visionlearning. com/custom/chemistry/animations/CHE1

22. Elements
Definition -
matter that is made up of only one kind of atom

23. Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table of Elements is a chart used to organize
and classify all of the elements.

24. All information about an atom can be found on the Periodic Table of Elements.

25. Symbol for the element:
Name of the element
Symbol for the element:
First letter always capitalized
Second and third letters always lower case
Periods are not used
Atomic number:
The number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic mass:
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

26. Information about atoms found on the Periodic Table of Elements:18
atomic number Ar
symbol
Argon
element name
39.948
atomic mass
Round atomic mass to the nearest whole number (40)

27. 27 Co cobalt 59 atomic number number of protons protons = electrons
element
symbol
element
symbol Co
element
name
element name
cobalt
atomic mass
atomic mass
protons + neutrons 59

28. 27 Co cobalt 59 On the white paper: atomic number number of protons
protons = electrons 27
element
symbol Co
element
name
cobalt
atomic mass
protons + neutrons 59

29. neon
sodium
                                           
phosphorous
calcium

30. copper
arsenic
                                           
iodine
seaborgium

31. 7 Nitrogen 226 138 12 6 59 27 4 2 Lithium 24 133 55 14 7 88 Radium 6
atomic
mass
number of
neutrons
number of
protons
element 7
Nitrogen
226
138 12 6 59 27 4 2
Lithium 24
133 55 14 7 88
Radium 6
Carbon 32
Cobalt
Helium 2 7 3 12
Magnesium 78
Cesium

32. 8 119 69 117 Platinum 146 92 35 Chlorine 59 31 108 47 16 16 Oxygen Tin
atomic
mass
number of
neutrons
number of
protons
element 8
119 69
117
Platinum
146 92 35
Chlorine 59 31
108 47 16 16
Oxygen
Tin 50
195 78
238
Uranium 17 18 28
Nickel 61
Silver
Phosphorous 15

33. Nitrogen 7 7 7 7 14 Calcium 20 20 20 20 40 12 12 12 12 24 Chlorine 17
Atomic
Number
Atomic
Mass
Element
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Nitrogen 7 7 7 7 14
Calcium 20 20 20 20 40 12 12 12 12 24
Magnesium
Chlorine 17 18 17 17 35
Neon 10 10 10 10 20
Zinc 30 35 30 30 65
Argon 18 22 18 18 40
Fluorine 9 10 9 9 19 24 28 24 24 52
Chromium
Cobalt 27 32 27 27 59
Lead 82
125 82 82
207

34. Jefferson Lab: Element Games
Periodic Table of Elements #1: Web Elements
Periodic Table of Elements #2: Chemical Elements
Periodic Table of Elements #3: Jefferson Lab
Periodic Table #4: Los Alamos National Lab
Jefferson Lab: Element Games

35. Step 1:
Glue your white paper to the TOP of your
colored paper.
Step 2:
Write your research information on the white
paper.

36. Fold the top of your paper to the bottom of the WHITE paper.
Step 3:
Fold the top of your paper to the bottom of the
WHITE paper.
Step 4:
Fold up bottom flap.
atomic number
symbol
name
Step 5:
Add periodic table
information.
atomic mass

38. molecules
Definition : a particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together
Molecules can be made up of atoms that are
alike or atoms that are different.

41. molecules
Definition : a particle that is made up of two or more atoms bonded together
Molecules can be made up of atoms that are
alike or atoms that are different.

42. Molecules in Air

43. compounds
Definition – a substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms bonded together
A compound has different properties from
the individual elements that make up the
compound.

44. Sodium chloride: salt sodium – a dangerous metal
chlorine – a poisonous gas

45. carbon – dark solid element
oxygen – invisible gas element

47. H2O Water Molecule A water molecule contains: 2 hydrogen (H) atoms
1 oxygen (O) atom
A chemical formula is used to identify the composition of a compound.
The chemical formula for water is:
H2O

49. oooooooo NH3 C4H10 CO2 Chemical formula Chemical formula

50. Chemical formula:
C6H12O6
llllllllllll

51. mixtures Definition – a combination of different substances
that remain the same individual substances
and can be separated by physical means

52. Matter Pure Pure substances are made of only one type of
can be
Pure
Pure substances are made
of only one type of
atom or molecule.
Mixed
Mixed substances are made
of different atoms and or
molecules.
element
compound
homogeneous
(uniformed
mixture)
heterogeneous
(nonuniform
mixture)
atom
molecule
looks the same throughout
can see the different
parts

53. Cover
Elements, Compounds,
and Mixtures

54. substances made up of only one kind of atom or molecule
Pocket #1
Pure substances:
substances made up of only one
kind of atom or molecule
atom/element
molecule/compound

55. substances made up of different atoms and/or molecules
Pocket #2
Mixed substances:
substances made up of different
atoms and/or molecules
uniform mixtures
nonuniform mixtures

56. Card definitions
Card #1
atom – the smallest particle that makes up matter
element – matter made of one kind of atom
Card #2
molecule – the smallest particle of a compound
compound – a substance that is made up of two or more
different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined

57. Card #2
Card #1
Nonuniform mixture -
can see the different parts
Uniform mixture - looks the same throughout
(heterogeneous)
(homogeneous)
air
ocean water
soda
cake batter
soil
bronze
brass
chocolate milk
blood

58. Comparing Compounds and Mixtures
New substances are formed by atoms that chemically combine together.
Mixture:
1. Substances in a mixture physically combine
and remain the same substances.

59. Compound:
Elements in a compound are always in the same proportions
or in a fixed amount.
Mixture:
2. Substances in a mixture can be combined in any amount.

60. Compound: Mixture: 3. Substances cannot be physically separated.
3. Substances can be physically separated.

61. compounds
elements

62. 1 2 3 4 5 6

63. 7 8 9 10 12 13 11

64. 14 15