2. LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD
Source: National Geographic: Available Online. Retrieved at:
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

3. LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD
MIGRATION
Migration: The act of moving from one place to another with the intent to live in another place permanently or for a longer period of time.
Turn to your group and discuss: Why would people want to migrate?(at any time in history?)
Source: “What is Human Migration?” National Geographic Society. Available online at:
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

4. Forced vs. Voluntary Migration
LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD
Forced vs. Voluntary Migration
Forced migration: When people have no choice and are forced to move. Forced migration is also called “involuntary migration.”
Voluntary migration: When people choose to move. People choose to migrate if they think the benefits (advantages) of moving will be greater than the costs (disadvantages).
Source: “What is Human Migration?” National Geographic Society. Available online at:
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

5. LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD
Push vs. Pull Factors
Push factors: Negative reasons for wanting to leave a place. Examples of push factors are a lack of food or water, natural disasters, a lack of jobs, and wars.
Pull factors: Positive reasons for wanting to move to a place. Examples of pull factors are more food and water, a better climate, higher wages, and freedom.
Source: “What is Human Migration?” National Geographic Society. Available online at:
FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

6. Hunter-Gatherers:
People who lived by hunting animals and gathering edible plants. They were nomads (moving from place to place when resources dried up).

7. Fertile Crescent

8. Neolithic Revolution

9. Domesticate Animals

10. Communities/Specialization

11. 5 Characteristics of a Civilization
Every Civilization Has:
*Job specialization (art, tools, farming)/Social Class
*City (infrastructure, architecture)
*Writing (oral, pictograph, cuneiform)
*Religion (why things happen in the world)
*Government (laws, Hammurabi's code)