1. Gender Development

2. Gender Development
Sex: your biological status based on your chromosomes and anatomy
Your biological sex helps define your gender

3. Gender Development
Sex: your biological status based on your chromosomes and anatomy
Gender: the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female.

4. Cultural norms vary and change
“The generally accepted rule is pink for the boy and blue for the girl. The reason is that pink, being a decidedly and stronger color is more suitable for the boy, while blue, which is more delicate and dainty is prettier for the girls.” Earnshaw’s Infants’ Department June 1918

5. Traits checklist handout
M F B
___ ___ ___ Active
___ ___ ___ Adventurous
___ ___ ___ Affected
___ ___ ___ Affectionate
___ ___ ___ Appreciative
___ ___ ___ Arrogant
___ ___ ___ Autocratic
___ ___ ___ Bossy
___ ___ ___ Cautious
___ ___ ___ Changeable
___ ___ ___ Charming
___ ___ ___ Coarse
___ ___ ___ Conceited
___ ___ ___ Dependent
___ ___ ___ Emotional
___ ___ ___ Enterprising
___ ___ ___ Fearful
___ ___ ___ Forgiving
___ ___ ___ Hardheaded
___ ___ ___ Loud
M F B
___ ___ ___ Modest
___ ___ ___ Nervous
___ ___ ___ Obnoxious
___ ___ ___ Opinionated
___ ___ ___ Opportunistic
___ ___ ___ Patient
___ ___ ___ Pleasant
___ ___ ___ Pleasure-seeking
___ ___ ___ Precise
___ ___ ___ Prudish
___ ___ ___ Quick
___ ___ ___ Reckless
___ ___ ___ Sensitive
___ ___ ___ Sentimental
___ ___ ___ Show-off
___ ___ ___ Softhearted
___ ___ ___ Timid
___ ___ ___ Tough
___ ___ ___ Warm

6. Traits checklist handout
M F B
_X_ ___ ___ Active
_X_ ___ ___ Adventurous
___ _X_ ___ Affected
___ _X_ ___ Affectionate
___ _X_ ___ Appreciative
_X_ ___ ___ Arrogant
_X_ ___ ___ Autocratic
_X_ ___ ___ Bossy
___ _X_ ___ Cautious
___ _X_ ___ Changeable
___ _X_ ___ Charming
_X_ ___ ___ Coarse
_X_ ___ ___ Conceited
___ _X_ ___ Dependent
___ _X_ ___ Emotional
_X_ ___ ___ Enterprising
___ _X_ ___ Fearful
___ _X_ ___ Forgiving
_X_ ___ ___ Hardheaded
_X_ ___ ___ Loud
M F B
___ _X_ ___ Modest
___ _X_ ___ Nervous
_X_ ___ ___ Obnoxious
_X_ ___ ___ Opinionated
_X_ ___ ___ Opportunistic
___ _X_ ___ Patient
___ _X_ ___ Pleasant
_X_ ___ ___ Pleasure-seeking
_X_ ___ ___ Precise
___ _X_ ___ Prudish
_X_ ___ ___ Quick
_X_ ___ ___ Reckless
___ _X_ ___ Sensitive
___ _X_ ___ Sentimental
_X_ ___ ___ Show-off
___ _X_ ___ Softhearted
___ _X_ ___ Timid
_X_ ___ ___ Tough
___ _X_ ___ Warm

7. Why do you think there are universal cultural traits related to gender?

8. How Are We Alike? How Do We Differ?
This discussion is about the differences between the average woman and man, not necessarily any individual woman or man.

9. Who has higher self-esteem?
Males or Females?

10. Gender and Aggression
Aggression: any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Women are more likely to commit relational aggression, like gossip.
Men are higher in violent
crime rates, fighting, war.

11. Gender and Aggression
Around the world, fighting, violent crime and blowing things up are mostly men’s activities.
That is why many were surprised to hear that female suicide bombers were responsible for the 2010 Moscow subway bombing.

12. Gender and Social Power
When groups form, men leaders tend to be autocratic, women leaders tend to be more democratic.
In interactions men utter opinions, women express support.
Men talk assertively, interrupt, stare. They smile & apologize less.

13. Gender and Social Connectedness
Western males tend to be more individualistic, females more relationship oriented.
In childhood play, boys form groups and are competitive, girls play in smaller groups, less competitive, and are more imitative of social relationships.
Vocationally, men tend to prefer working with things, women prefer working with people.

15. Gender Roles
Gender Role: a set of expected behaviors for males and females
Shaped by culture
Vary over time and place
Socialization of Gender Roles handout

16. Gender Identity Gender Identity: our sense of being male or female
Social learning theory assumes children acquire gender identity by observing and imitating others, and by being rewarded or punished for acting certain ways.

17. Gender Identity
In spite of some cultural emphasis on social learning theory, around the world children organize themselves into “boy worlds” and “girl worlds.”
Gender schemas form very early in life.

18. Gender Identity
Some feel confusion when comparing themselves to their culture's concepts of gender.
Transgender people’s gender identity (sense of male/female) or gender expression (behavior or appearance) differ from their birth sex.
Gender identity is different from sexual orientation.