1. Chapter 16 Toward the Civil War (1840-1861)
Section 1 The Search for Compromise

2. Section 1-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement: It is better to compromise to get something accomplished than to stand 100% firm on what you believe.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D

3. Chapter Time Line

4. Chapter Time Line

5. Essential Question
Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism?

6. Missouri 1819- Missouri applied for statehood
Slavery was legal in Missouri
This sparked an angry debate in Congress
There were 22 states in the Union
11 slave states/ 11 free states
Each state got two votes (Senate)
Adding another state would tip the balance between slave states and free states

7. North and South
The North and South had different economies and were competing for new land in the West
At the same time, many Northerners wanted to restrict or ban slavery
Southerners opposed these antislavery efforts (even those that disliked slavery)
Southerners resented the interference by outsiders in Southerners’ affairs
This grew into sectionalism between the North and South

8. What to do with Missouri
Senate suggested allowing Missouri join as a slave state and Maine join as a free state
The Senate wanted to settle the issue of slavery in the territories for good
Senate proposed banning slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30' N latitude
Speaker of the House Henry Clay guided the bill through the House of Representatives (passed by a close vote)
Maine was the 23rd state and Missouri was 24th
The Missouri Compromise preserved the balance between slave and free states
This was a temporary solution in the debate over slavery

9. A B C D Who drafted the Missouri Compromise? A. Henry Clay
Section 1
Who drafted the Missouri Compromise?
A. Henry Clay
B. James Monroe
C. James Polk
D. Thomas Jefferson A B C D

10. Slavery The debate over slavery erupted again in the 1840s
Texas was added and slavery was already legal there
Texas Annexation was the main issue in the presidential election of 1844
Texas became a state in 1845
Shortly after the Mexican War began, Representative David Wilmost from Pennsylvania introduced a proposal
The Wilmot Proviso would ban slavery in any lands the US would get from Mexico

11. Section 1
Which of the following was a proposal to ban slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico?
A. The Compromise of 1850
B. The Wilmot Proviso
C. The Missouri Compromise
D. The Freeport Doctrine A B C D

12. Southerners’ Response
Southerners’ protested the Wilmot Proviso
Southerners’ felt this endangered slavery everywhere
They wanted New Mexico and California open to slavery
John C. Calhoun (SC) countered with another proposal
It said that neither Congress nor any territory had the authority to ban slavery from a territory or regulate it
Neither proposal passed, but caused bitter debate
By the next election, the US gained New Mexico and California, but took no action on slavery

13. Election of 1848
1848- The Whigs selected Zachary Taylor as their candidate
Taylor was a Southerner and a hero of the Mexican War
The Democrats chose Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan
Both candidates ignored the issue of slavery
The failure to take a stand angered voters

14. Election of 1848 Continued
Many opponents of slavery left their parties and formed the Free-Soil Party
“Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”
The Free-Soil Party chose former president Van Buren as their candidate
Taylor won, but the Free-Soil Party gained several seats in Congress

15. Issues in the US
California applied for statehood in 1849 (After the Gold Rush)
Meanwhile, antislavery forces wanted to ban slavery in Washington, D.C.
Southerners also wanted a national law that required states to return fugitive enslaved people
The key issue was the balance of power in the Senate (30 states 15/15)
Southerners talked about seceding from the Union

16. Compromising
1850- Senator Henry Clay proposed that California enter as a free state
The rest of the new territories would have no limits on slavery
The slave trade (Not slavery itself) would be banned in Washington D.C.
Clay also pushed for a stronger fugitive slave law
Senator John C. Calhoun opposed the plan
Calhoun felt that the Union could be saved only by protecting slavery
Senator Webster supported the plan
Webster said that slavery had little chance in the new territories because the land was not suited for plantations

17. The Compromise of 1850 President Taylor was an opponent of Clay’s plan
But Taylor died unexpectedly and Millard Fillmore took over as president
Fillmore favored the compromise
To end the crisis, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas divided Clay’s plan into 4 parts Each part would be voted on separately
Fillmore had several Whigs abstain on parts they opposed
The 5 parts passed and became known as the Compromise of 1850

18. The Parts of the Compromise of 1850
California would be admitted as a free state.
The new Mexico territory would have no restrictions on slavery.
The new Mexico-Texas border dispute would be settled in favor of new Mexico.
The slave trade but not slavery it self would be abolished in the district of Colombia.
Stronger fugitive state law.

19. -Compromises dealt primarily with immediate issues
Essential Question
Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism?
-Compromises dealt primarily with immediate issues
Admittance of new states
Maintaining balance in Congress
The compromises did not address slavery at the national level

20. By admitting a free state and Missouri, a slaveholding state, to the Union at the same time, the Senate could remain balanced.
True
False

21. The Wilmot Proviso allowed California to enter the Union as a free state.
True
False

22. John C. Calhoun countered David Wilmot's proposal.
True
False

23. Zachary Taylor adopted a proslavery platform for the 1848 presidential election.
True
False

24. President Fillmore was in favor of the Compromise of 1850.
True
False

25. An exaggerated loyalty to a particular region of the country is called
abolitionism.
fugitive slave law.
Free-Soil Party.
sectionalism.

26. The plan that preserved the balance between slave and free states in the Senate was the
North-South Compromise.
Missouri Compromise.
Maine Compromise.
Slavery Compromise.

27. The main issue in the presidential election of 1844 was the
annexation of Texas.
annexation of Maine.
annexation of New Mexico.
annexation of Missouri.

28. Who proposed that neither Congress nor local governments had the authority to ban slavery from a territory?
Daniel Webster
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay
Zachary Taylor

29. President Millard Fillmore persuaded several Whig representatives to not cast votes, or to
secede.
become a fugitive.
abstain.
increase sectionalism.