1. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Section 6.1 Pages

2. Weathering: Chemical and Physical
A reaction has occurred
The minerals have been dissolved and changed as rain falls on the rock
Not all minerals can undergo chemical change (resistant)
Physical
Broken down physically by water
The minerals keep their same chemical composition

3. Erosion Wind Moving water Gravity Glaciers
Moving rock from one location to another
Most movement is down hill (gravity)

4. Deposition The process in which sediments come to rest in a location
Either settling at the bottom of a body of water or on the ground
The sediments form layers
These layers have the largest sediments at the bottom and the smallest sediments at the top

5. Energy of Transporting Agents
Fast moving water can move all sizes of sediments whereas slow moving water is limited to smaller sizes
Larger sediments settle out sooner than smaller sediments (going from largest to smallest)

6. Energy of Transporting Agents
Sediments moved by water create distinct sedimentary layers
Wind has the same ability, but is limited to smaller sediments

7. Energy of Transporting Agents
The movement of glaciers and landslides produce a jumble of sediments
The sediments are not separated into layers that are distinct
Glaciers move all types of sediments at the same rate and do not separate them into different types

8. Lithification
Sediments for the most part find their final deposition in low areas of the Earth including valleys and ocean basins
Lithification is the process by which sediments in deeper layers get subjected to higher pressure and heat leading to the formation of rock

9. Compaction The first step of lithification
The more layers that form on top the more the lower layers become compressed (physical change)
Mud can compact much more than sand as sand contains quarts which cannot be compacted
Sand therefore has spaces which allows for groundwater, oil and natural gases to fill these gaps

10. Cementation
The process by which minerals in aqueous form (minerals dissolved in ground water) turn to solid
The gaps are filled with solids which glues the sediments to one another

11. Sedimentary features
The history of how the rocks formed

12. Bedding The horizontal layering of sedimentary rocks.
The thickness of the layers depends on how they were deposited.
The thickness can range from only a few millimeters to several meters thick
Layers are typically deposited by wind and water

13. Bedding
There are 2 different types of bedding based on the transport of sediments
The grain size and material content can vary and depend on many factors

14. Graded bedding
In this type of bedding the particle size becomes increasingly finer
This can be seen in ocean sediments where the larger heaver sediments sink faster and the lighter finer sediments sink slower

15. Cross-bedding The sediments are deposited on horizontal surfaces
Sometimes these sediments solidify producing miniature hills and valleys effect on a horizontal surfaces

16. Ripple Marks
Formed when water or wind movement creates small ridges of sediment
Symmetrical and asymmetrical ripple marks can be formed by these movements
Symmetrical means the movements are back and forth
Asymmetrical means the movement is in one direction