1. Adaptations and Survival

2. Adaptations
Traits that make it more likely for an organism to survive and reproduce
Changes in a habitat lead to changes in organisms over time
Sexual reproduction allows variation

3. Why adapt? to obtain food, water, nutrients
Cope with physical conditions (cold temperatures)
Defend against threats
reproduce

4. Structural adaptations- physical change
Types of Adaptations
Structural adaptations- physical change
Example: spikes on a cactus or webbed feet
Behavioral adaptations- change in action
Learned- has to be taught (Lions hunting)
Instinctive- born with it (birds migrating)
#9 p. 296

5. Vestigial Adaptations
An adaptation that becomes useless over time but does not go away
Answer #10 on p. 297

6. Mutations random changes in a species genes
Can he helpful, harmful, or neither
When helpful genes are passed down it is possible for them to become a common trait
Gradual changes in species over time is called evolution

7. Natural Selection Competition for organisms to survive
“Survival of the fittest”
Better adaptations/traits help organisms survive
Harmful traits will eventually die out

8. Exaptation
An adaptation that was originally for one purpose but now has other purposes
Example: some believe feathers were for warmth but now they also help with flight so flight is the exapation

9. Coadaptation and co-extinction
Some organisms adapt together to meet each other’s needs.
But if one species goes extinct it could cause the other to as well.
#11 p. 297

10. Make sure you understand All the examples of adaptations on p
Make sure you understand All the examples of adaptations on p. 299 in your textbook Explain and give an example!
Table 1 Mimicry and Camouflage
Tables 2 and 5 Chemical Defense
Tables 3 and 4 Body Coverings and parts
Table 6 and 7 Migration
Table 8 Hibernation