1. Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis of the Radial Artery for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 
Akio Oshima, MD, Satoshi Takeshita, MD, Ken Kozuma, MD, Naoyuki Yokoyama, MD, Kentaro Motoyoshi, MD, Shuichi Ishikawa, MD, Mitsuyoshi Honda, MD, Koji Oga, MD, Masahiko Ochiai, MD, Takaaki Isshiki, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 79, Issue 1, Pages (January 2005)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Intravascular ultrasound measurements. Intravascular ultrasound catheter was advanced into the brachial artery and positioned approximately 10 mm beyond the bifurcation of the radial and the ulnar arteries. Automated pullback (overall length 150 mm) was employed at a constant speed of 1.0 mm/s from the distal brachial artery to the distal radial artery. Arrows indicate (A) 10 mm distal to the bifurcation of the radial and the ulnar arteries (proximal point), (B) 100 mm distal to the bifurcation (distal point), and (C) the minimal lumen cross section throughout the pullback.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Intravascular ultrasound images. (A) Normal radial artery. Minimal amount of atherosclerotic plaque is seen. Lumen diameter is 3.5 mm and percent plaque area is only 8%. No plaque accumulation was observed along the entire length of the radial artery. (B) Atherosclerotic radial artery. Plaque encroaches on the vessel. Lumen diameter is reduced to 2.0 mm and percent plaque area is increased to 55%. The plaque extended 8 mm long along the radial artery. (C) Calcified radial artery. Lumen diameter is reduced to 1.9 mm and the maximum calcium arc is 270 degrees. Calcified plaque extends to 50 mm in length.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions