1. Transnational Terrorism
CRJ 480
Summer 2001

2. Introduction Networking Shared Strategic Planning
Financing Transnational Terrorism
Training/Equipping of Terrorists
Narcoterrorism
U.S. Role in Combating Transnational Terrorism
Conclusion

3. Transnational Terrorism defined
An international terrorist incident is defined by the FBI as one committed by a group or individual that is foreign-based and/or directed by countries or groups outside the United States or whose activities transcend national boundaries
Show Graph for 1999 incidents

5. Networking Definitions Examples
Interconnected system linking groups with common goals
Examples
Shared members
Training camps
Weaponry
Tactics
Shared Members: JRA with Palestenian Arabs
Red Army Faction and Action Direct of France (NATO-target)

6. Shared Strategic Planning
Carlos the Jackal
International terrorist congress
Iran/Nicaragua
Frankfurt, Germany (1986): 500 terrorists from all over the world
Slogan: “The armed struggle as a strategic and tactical necessity in the fight for revolution”
Represented: IRA, PLO, ANC, ETA just to name a few
May 1987: Iran would raise support 50% if Nicaragua would recruit Latin Americans in the US

7. Financing Transnational Terrorism
PLO - $1 Billion Annually on investment returns
Libya – donations to terrorist groups
ETA – taxation of Basque business owners
NORAID – Irish Northern Aid
Headquarters: 273 East 194th Street, NYC
In addition to money: ARMS
$5 Billion worth in the mid-80’s
Libya assisted IRA, ETA, JRA, Moros, in excess of $100 million per year
Revolutionary taxes were established by PLO as a means to fund ETA training
NORAID set up by Michael Flannery; money came from fundraising dinners, as did arms

8. Training/Equipping of Terrorists
Cuba : operation of training camps since 1961
Soviet Union: camps in Eastern Europe, Cuba, Syria in 60’s/70’s
Equipping
Arms from Libya, Soviet Union
Safe harbor, freedom of movement
Castro accepted recruits from all over the world
Claire Sterling, author of The Terror Network, stated that known terrorists were able to travel freely through Eastern Europe, receiving medical care for injuries received on missions and acquired false passports and documents that enabled them to penetrate the Western nations
School for the Americas: US offered training in the use of weapons of violence to leaders and groups engaged in “legitimate” struggles within their nations

9. Narcoterrorism Networking of the trade in drugs and terrorism
Three main players:
Terrorist groups
Governments
Drug cartels
How do they work together?
Terrorist Groups: Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path-funded by Peruvian coca growers/drug traffickers)
-responsible for 1997 overtaking of Japanese Embassy in Lima
Governments: PLO(hashish in Lebanon), Iran, Cuba
Drug Cartels: Juan Mata Ballesteros (Columbian)

10. U.S. Role in Combating Transnational Terrorism
No concessions to terrorist demands
Seek out relentlessly and punish terrorists wherever they may be, using the combined assets of U.S. law enforcement, diplomacy, intelligence
Designate states which sponsor terrorism, and impose a wide range of U.S. sanctions against them
Seek maximum cooperation from other governments
According to the office of Secretary of State

11. Summary/Conclusion Solutions to Problem
DETERRENCE and DEFENSE
National Commission on Terrorism
Reiterate that already discussed