1. Types of English Civil Law
by Snježana Husinec

2. CIVIL LAW
a legal system prevalent in continental Europe that is based on written codes
(in this sense contrasts with the common-law system used in England and most of the United States)
an area of law governing disputes between individuals
(as opposed to criminal law)

3. CIVIL LAW (as a branch of law) and its SUBCATEGORIES
IN COMMON LAW SYSTEM
-an area of law concerned with
a) relations between private individuals
b) non-criminal relations between governments and private individuals or other entities
Subcategories:
Law of contract
Law of torts
Law of property
Law of succession
Family law 
Revenue law; Patents and copyright; Trade unions; Administrative law
IN CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS
-an area of private law
regulating relations between individuals
Basic brances:
Law of property
Law of obligations (Contract law)
Law of sucession
New branches:
Law of securities
Commercial law
Copy-right law
Insurance law

4. PARTIES IN A CIVIL LAWSUIT
PLAINTIFF
(CLAIMANT)
the party bringing a
civil action (filing a claim) – the injured party
DEFENDANT
- the party against whom an action is brought (a claim filed)

5. THE LAW OF CONTRACT CONTRACT Subcategories of the law of contract:
CONTRACT
= a legally binding agreement made between two or
more persons, by which rights are acquired by one or
more to acts or forbearances on the part of the other
or others
Subcategories of the law of contract:
1. shipping contracts,
2. hire purchase,
3. sale of goods etc.

6. NOT PUNISHABLE BY THE STATE
THE LAW OF TORTS
TORT = a less serious civil wrong committed by
one citizen against another
Ø    serious enough to merit the award of compensation
to the injured party
Ø    not serious enough to amount to the breaking of the
the criminal law
CIVIL LIABILITY 
NOT PUNISHABLE BY THE STATE
Offender tortfeasor
Action taken by the injured party

7. SUBCATEGORIES OF TORTS
1.  Negligence
2.  Nuisance
3.  Defamation
4.  Intentional torts
5.  Statutory torts
6.  Economic torts
7.  Competition law

8. NEGLIGENCE
an unreasonable breach of duty by one person to another
the failure to take reasonable care to avoid foreseeable injury to others
Example:
the modern law of negligence started with a decomposed snail contained in a drink consumed in a public bar; the manufacturer was sued by the consumer for her consequent illness

9. NUISANCE
unreasonable interference with a person’s use or enjoyment of property
Example:
Jones v Powell A brewery made stinking fumes waft to neighbors’ property, damaging his documents. Because he was a landowner, the neighbor sued in nuisance for this damage

10. DEFAMATION - tarnishing the reputation of someone (making factual assertion for which you cannot provide evidence of its truth)
LIBEL
defaming somebody through
print or broadcasting
SLANDER
spoken defamation

11. INTENTIONAL TORTS any intentional acts that are reasonably foreseeable to cause harm to an individual
AGAINST THE PERSON
assault
battery
false imprisonment
intentional infliction
emotional distress
fraud
PROPERTY TORTS
trespass to land
trespass to chattels
conversion

12. Other torts STATUTORY TORTS
- created by the legislature, not the courts - workplace health and safety laws and health and safety in food produce (consumer protection - Product Liability Directive in the EU)
ECONOMIC TORTS
- protect people from interference with their trade or business (eg. trade libel, conspiracy, inducement of breach of contract etc.)
COMPETITION LAW (ANTI-TRUST LAW)
- an important method for regulating the conduct of business (the abuse of market power by monopolists, or the substantial lessening of competition through merger, acquisition, or concentration of enterprises)

14. ESSENTIAL EXPRESSIONS
a tort
a plaintiff/claimant
a defendant
to bring a civil action
a wrong
negligence
nuisance
false imprisonment
assault and battery
trespass to property
trespass to chattels
defamation
slander
libel
a remedy
an injunction

15. pravno obvezujući ugovor nečinjenje
Read the text and find the English equivalents for the following Croatian legal terms:
građanski delikt
pravno obvezujući ugovor
nečinjenje
dodjela naknade/odštete; dodijeliti/dosuditi odštetu
naknada štete čiji iznos određuje sud
građanska pravna odgovornost; smatrati odgovornim
oštećena strana
kršenje ugovora
osoba koja neovlašteno ulazi na tuđe imanje;
počinitelj delikta
pravična obveza
tužiti za nemar