1. 1.What is the difference in phrases and clauses used by the writer?
Before taking Notes Use the Language of the question to write a sentence that Answers the following questions.
1.What is the difference in phrases and clauses used by the writer?
2. How does the writer use clauses to create style?
3. What words does the writer use to join clauses?
4. What words does the writer use to introduce dependent clauses?

2. How do I improve my writing style by using phrases and clauses?

3. Phrase or Clause?
Clause: Has both a SUBJECT & VERB (MUST have both)There are dependent
clauses and independent clauses.
Phrase: Missing either subject, verb, or both – like a prepositional phrase

4. Independent and Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses have a subject and a verb, but they do not express a complete thought. NOT A SENTENCE
After we go to the game
An independent clause is like a bicycle with a front and back wheel.
It must have both a subject and a verb that make a complete thought.
We can have dinner.

5. What makes a clause dependent?

6. Conjunctions
Brainpop

7. Subordinate Clauses How do I know if it is a dependent clause?
Begins with a Subordinating Conjunction (AAAWWWWUUBBIS-T)
After we go to the game, we can have dinner.
Let’s study before you come over to my house.

8. AAAWWWWUUBBIS-T

9. Although After As
While When Whenever Wherever
Until Unless
Before Because
If Since Though

10. Functions: Although – opposition After - time As – because/when
While – time
When – time
Whenever – time
Wherever – place
Until – on condition that
Unless – except when, if not
Before – earlier than
Because – for the reason that
If – on condition that
Since – from past time/because
Though opposition/concession

11. GRAMMAR NINJAS
After As
Until
Unless
Before
Since

12. Why are these words ninjas?
They may be a Subordinating Conjunction which begins a subordinate clause or a Preposition which begins a prepositional phrase.

13. How do I know if the word is functioning as a preposition or subordinating conjunction?
Check to make sure you do not have a subject and verb following the word.
If there is a S & V = Subordinating Conjunction
(Before it rained)it is the subject and rained is a verb.
If there is NOT a S & V = Prepositional Phrase
(Before the concert)- no subject or verb
Ninjafied: Some prepositions may be ninjas and turn into another part of speech (like subordinating conjunctions)..

14. How do writers join independent clauses?
FANBOYS:
Formal Term: Coordinating Conjunction
Job? To separate words, phrases, and CLAUSES.
NEVER begin a sentence/clause with a FANBOY!

15. FANBOYS
F – for
A - and
N - nor
B - but
O - or
Y - yet
S - so

16. Add theses words to your notes
Relative Pronouns – 4W’s and a T
who, whom, whose, which, and that
A subordinate clause—also called a dependent clause—will begin with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun and will contain both a subject and a verb. This combination of words will not form a complete sentence.

17. Use a different color ink to add revisions to your sentences.
1.What is the difference in phrases and clauses used by the writer?
2. How does the writer use clauses to create style?
3. What words does the writer use to join clauses?
4. What words does the writer use to introduce dependent clauses?