1. Pulseco: a less-invasive method to monitor cardiac output from arterial pressure after cardiac surgery 
Timothy T Hamilton, MD, Lynne M Huber, RN, Michael E Jessen, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 74, Issue 4, Pages (October 2002)
DOI: /S (02)

2. Fig 1
Schematic diagram of the LiDCO/PulseCO system. Blood sampled from the arterial catheter (through a three-way stopcock) passes through a flow-through lithium sensor. This sensor is used to calculate cardiac output based on the indicator dilution method (LiDCO). Blood flow through the lithium sensor is maintained at a constant 4.5 mL/min by a small peristaltic pump during LiDCO calculation. The transduced arterial pressure waveform interfaces with a bedside computer that uses an autocorrelation algorithm (PulseCO) to convert the analog pressure waveform into nominal stroke volume. Nominal cardiac output is thus the product of the nominal stroke volume and heart rate (derived from the cardiac cycle length). After a one-time calibration to the LiDCO-derived cardiac output, PulseCO then provides real-time output of multiple hemodynamic measurements including cardiac output, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

3. Fig 2
Bland-Altman plot of cardiac output (CO) data collected at all time-points. (SD = standard deviation.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (02) )