1. Aim: How did Labor Unions ultimately gain support from the public and government?

4. Fiorello LaGuardia
Progressive Reformer to
Mayor of New York City

5. Life in the Shop by Clara Lemlich
Grievances:

12. I. Obstacles to unions 1. 2. 3.
Ex. Molly McGuires

13. “Anarchy Man, Anarchy!”

14. “Workers of the world, awaken. Break your chains, demand your rights
“Workers of the world, awaken. Break your chains, demand your rights. All the wealth you make is taken, by exploiting parasites."

15. Great Railroad Strike 1877

16. McCormick Harvester Strike 1886 Haymarket Affair

17. Homestead Steel Strike 1892

18. Pullman Strike 1894

19. all that is ugly, and discordant, and demoralizing, is eliminated
. . all that is ugly, and discordant, and demoralizing, is eliminated Pullman Company Town Pamphlet This is a corporation made and a corporation governed town, and is utterly un-American in its tendencies. Rev. William H. Carwardine, The Pullman Strike, 1894

20. Pullman Strike (Pinkerton Guards v. Workers)

21. Anthracite Coal Strike 1902

22. Textile Workers Strike 1912

23. II. Efforts at Union Building
A. Knights of Labor
B. AFL – American Federation of Labor

24. C. ILGWU – Garment workers

25. III. Socialism and American Labor
A. Eugene Debs
Social Democratic Party – over 1 million votes in 1912 election
Significance!!!
C. I.W.W.: “Wobblies”: Promoted One big union, unite workers as a social class, abolish capitalism and wage labor advocated “workplace democracy”

26. IV. Anti-Labor Decisions
Lochner v. New York 1905 – declared unconstitutional a law that limited work hours for bakers citing “liberty of contract”.
1. Significance of the “Lochner Era”:

27. B. Lowe v. Lawlor, 1908
Workers organized a boycott of Lowe a hat manufacturer who created an open shop.
Supreme Court ruled that the boycott restrained the Lowe Company’s ability to trade and commerce.
Significance:

28. C. Coppage v. Kansas 1915
Coppage, an employer, forbade his workers from joining unions by forcing them to sign “yellow dog contract”, thus violating a Kansas law that prohibited this type of anti-union activity.
Supreme Court declared Kansas law unconstitutional
Impact:

29. V. The Government Passes Labor Legislation
Clayton Anti-Trust Act – “magna carta of labor” – unions are not monopolies
B. Department of Labor 1913 – advocates for workers at the federal level
C. Adamson Act 1916 – 8 hour day, paid overtime, for interstate railroad workers.

30. D. Norris-LaGuardia Anti Injunction Act 1932 – outlawed anti-union contracts and use of injunctions against strikes E. National Labor Relations Act 1935 – collective bargaining F. Social Security Act 1935 – pensions, care for dependents G. Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 – minimum wage H. Taft-Hartley Act 1947 – anti-union law banned “closed shop”, forced union workers to take “anti-communist” oath.

31. VI. Impact of Workers Synthesis Today: A crushing blow to unions…….
Janus vs. American Federation of State, County and Municipal employees 2018