1. Section 4 – pg 274 Acids and Bases in Solution
Chapter 7
Section 4 – pg 274
Acids and Bases in Solution

2. Strong Acid + Strong Base = Neutral
Pg 274
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide = Sodium Chloride + Water
HCl NaOH = NaCl H2O
Strong Acid Strong Base = Neutral

3. Pg
Acids in Solution
Acids produce one or more hydrogen ions and a negative ion in solution of water
Hydrogen ions: an atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron
Hydrogen ions are the key to the reactions of acids

4. Pg 275
Bases in Solution
Many bases are made of positive ions combined w/ hydroxide ions
Hydroxide ions: a negative ion made of oxygen and hydrogen
When bases dissolve in water, the positive ions and hydroxide ions separate
A base produces hydroxide ions
These ions are responsible for the bitter taste and slippery feeling

5. Strength of Acids and Bases
Pg 276
Strength of Acids and Bases
Acids and bases may be strong or weak
Strength refers to how well an acid or base produces ions in water
With a weak acid, very few ions form in solution
At the same concentration, a strong acid produces more hydrogen ions than a weak acid does

6. Pg 276
A strong base produces more hydroxide ions than does an equal concentration of weak base

7. Pg 276
Measuring pH
pH Scale: a range of values from 0 – 14 that expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
pH lower than 7 is acidic
pH higher than 7 is basic
pH is 7 than neutral

8. Pg 277
A low pH indicates that the concentration of hydrogen ions is great. In contrast, a high pH indicates that the concentration of hydrogen ions is low
You can find the pH of a solution using indicators
pH paper turns a different color for each pH value
pH meter is an electronic device that makes rapid, accurate pH measurements

9. Pg 278
Acid – Base reactions
A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization
Kind of like adding a negative and a positive, they cancel out

10. Pg 278
Reactants
After neutralization, an acid-base mixture is less acidic or basic than either of the individual starting solutions
The pH depends on the identities, the volumes, and the concentrations of the reactants
Kinda like averaging them out
Lemon juice (2) + Soap (10) = 6 Slightly Acidic

11. Pg 279
Products
Salt: any ionic compounds that can be made from the neutralization of an acid with a base
Made from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of a acid
In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water

12. Chapter 7 Section 4 Homework – pg 279

13. 1A. Which element is found in all the acids described in this section?

14. 1B. What kinds of ions do acids and bases form in water?

15. 1C. What ions will the acid NHO3 form when dissolved in water?

16. 2A. What does a substance’s pH tell you?

17. 2B. If a solution has a pH of 6, would the solution contain more or fewer hydrogen ions than an equal volume of solution with a pH of 3?

18. 2C. Would a dilute solution of HCl also be weak? Explain.

19. 3A. What are the reactants of a neutralization reaction?

20. 3B. What happens in a neutralization reaction?

21. 3C. What acid reacts with KOH to produce the salt KCl
3C. What acid reacts with KOH to produce the salt KCl? KOH + ____ = KCl + H2O