1. The Endocrine System
Hormones Hormones!!!

2. Even though the endocrine system doesn’t seem very important to us, it really is! It affects almost everything in our bodies, and participates in moods, growth and development,, reproductive processes, tissue function, and metabolism.

3. These are the main parts of the endocrine system…

4. Hormones & Glands
The endocrine system is founded on hormones and glands.
Hormones transfer info and orders from a set of cells to another. Each type of hormone is designed to affect only certain cells.

5. A gland is a bunch of cells that produce and gives off chemicals
A gland is a bunch of cells that produce and gives off chemicals. A gland ‘selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body.’
For example, exocrine glands like the sweat glands release secretions in the skin or inside the mouth.

6. Endocrine System Parts
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Adrenal Glands
Pineal Body
Reproductive Glands

7. Hypothalamus In the lower central part of the brain
The main link between the endocrine and the nervous systems.
Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary.

8. Pituitary Gland The MASTER Gland The gland is no bigger than a pea.
Located at the base of the brain, and the most important part of the entire endocrine system.
AKA: The master gland because it makes hormones that control other endocrine glands.
The production of hormones and secretions can be affected by emotions and seasons change.
Divided into two parts.
The MASTER Gland

9. The Division
The tiny pituitary has two parts: the anterior and the posterior lobe.
The anterior regulates the thyroid, adrenals, and the reproductive’s activities. It makes hormones like growth hormones, prolactin (breastfeeding), thyrotropin, and corticotropin.
The posterior releases antiduretic hormones, which balances the body’s water level. It also makes oxytocin, which activates the contractions of the uterus in a woman in labor.
The pituitary also secretes endorphins, chemicals that act on the nervous sytem and reduce painful feelings. It also gets rid of hormones that signal the reproductive organs to make sex hormones. It also controls ovulation and the menstrual cycle.

10. The thyroid is in the front part of the lower neck, and is shaped like a butterfly.
It produces the hormones known as thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
These control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy.
Thyroid hormones are important because they participate in the growth and development of kids’ and teens’ bones and the nervous system.
Attached to the thryoid are four small glands called the parathyroids, which, with the help of calcitonin, control the calcium level.
Thyroid

11. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney.
There are two parts, each of which makes hormones and has a different function.
The outer part, or the Arenal Cortex, makes hormones (corticosteroids) that control the salt and water balance in the body, responses to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development/function.
The inner part, or the Adrenal Medulla, makes hormones (catecholamines) that increases blood pressure and heart rate when there is stress. (ex. Epinephrine, or adrenaline)
Adrenal Glands

12. Pineal Gland
The pineal gland, or the pineal body is in the middle of the brain. It secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates when you sleep at night and wake up in the morning.

13. What can go wrong
Too much or too little of any hormone can be harmful to your body.
For example, if the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a teen may grow excessively tall. If it produces too little, a teen may be unusually short. Doctors can often treat the problems by controlling the production of hormones or replacing certain hormones with medication. Some endocrine problems that affect teens are…

14. Review Questions TRUE or FALSE?
The endocrine system is founded on hormones and tissues.
A gland is a bunch of cells that produce and gives off chemicals.
The Pituitary gland is no bigger than a bean.

15. Review Questions (cont.)
What is a gland?
a. Cells that produce and give off gland tissue.
b. Cells that produce and give off chemicals.
c. Transporters of blood to the heart.
What two systems is the hypothalamus linked between?
The nervous and the endocrine
The respiratory and the endocrine
The skeletal and the reproductive
Which part of the endocrine is the most important, and nicknamed the Master Gland?
The thyroid
The testes
The pituitary gland

16. Review Questions (again)
What gland is important because of the participation in development of kids’ bones and the nervous system; it’s also shaped like a butterfly.
Pineal Gland
Ovary
Thyroid
The two parts of the adrenal gland are the Adrenal _______ and the Adrenal _______.
What does the pineal gland regulate?
Where are the male gonads located?
In the penis
In the testes
In the scrotum
The ovaries produce ______ and secrete the female hormones _________ and_____________.

17. List a few things that could go wrong with the endocrine system….