1. Theory Of Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener
It is this German man to whom we credit with the proposal of the theory of Continental Drift.

2. While pondering the similarities between the coastlines of South America and Africa, Wegener came up with an idea:
What if the continents were once all connected and just drifted over the years?

3. Wegener’s evidence for Continental drift
Ferns and Reptiles in many different continents
Glaciers that were then tropical forests
Same types of rocks on continents close to each other (yet separated by an ocean)
The coastlines of Africa and South America

4. The Flaw in Wegener’s Theory
He thought that each of the continents were a separate plate--they were just drifting on a never- changing ocean.
Like styro-foam floating on a pool of water!!

5. Canadian Correction J. Tuzo Wilson
the 1960’s Canadian scientist who resurrected Wegener’s theory after years of disbelief by the science community.
Today, we know that that's false, thanks to the discovery of crustal plates.
The plates of the earth are not composed of just land; they're composed of ocean too.

6. Canadian Correction – cont’d
In some cases, the plates are just land, in others they're just ocean, and, in still other cases, they consist of land and ocean.
They each have different boundaries and move in all different directions.

8. Plates of the earth p. 12

9. Continental Drift
refers to the movement of the more than 20 plates (9 major) due to convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
The continents drift at a rate of 2 inches a year.
Started 200 million years ago
Pangea (land) & Panthalasa (sea)

12. More about Continental Drift
our text p. 10
watch it at:

13. Plate Tectonics
Tectonic plates move or float on top of the upper mantle.
However they do not float freely.
The plates are forced in specific directions by the flow of magma beneath.

14. Plate Tectonics – cont’d
Plates move with the flow of magma.
The magma closer to the core heats and then rises towards the surface as its density decreases.
Once the rising magma reaches the lithosphere it moves in opposite directions.
The magma forms convectional currents.

15. Plate Tectonics – Convection Currents

16. Divergent Boundaries
Tensional Forces occur where two tectonic plates are pushed apart. The tension is created as the plates move away from each other.
Ridge Zones sometimes occur where two plates move apart. The magma rises between the plates and forms a ridge.
Again caused by convectional currents in the magma

17. Tensional Forces – Ridge Zones
This diagram above shows “Sea Floor Spreading”

18. Where’s the TENSION?

19. Convergent Boundaries
Compressional Forces occur where two tectonic plates come together. They compress against each other.
Subduction Zones sometimes occur where compressional forces result from two plates colliding and one plate slips under the other.
Again caused by convectional currents in the magma

20. Compressional Forces – Subduction

21. Where’s the Subduction / Compression?

23. More about Plate Tectonics
our text p
watch it at: