1. Enlightenment
And the
American Revolution

2. Social Contract – an agreement people make to create a government.
In it, they give up some of their liberties for laws that protect their natural rights.

3. John Locke
Belief in natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
Purpose of the government is to protect the rights of the people.
If the gov’t fails to protect these rights, then the people have the right to revolt, and replace their ruler or government.
Key enlightenment philosopher that influenced the thinking and the works of Thomas Jefferson.
John Locke

4. John Locke
Locke recommended a government that was created with the consent (support) of the governed (the people).
Good Example? 1863, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address stated that our government was created “by the people, of the people and for the people.” This is popular sovereignty.

5. Popular Sovereignty This creates a shift in political thought from –
(Divine right of Kings) God gives power to a king to rule over his people To-
Popular Sovereignty (PEOPLE RULE) - People have the power to create their own government, and select their own leaders to protect their rights and make laws for them.

6. Causes of the Revolution
Stamp Act, Tea Act, Sugar Act,–taxes placed on colonists. This was “taxation without representation.”
Closing the port of Boston and limits placed on colonial merchants involved in trade also frustrated them.
Are these causes SOCIAL POLITICAL or ECONOMIC?

7. Thomas Jefferson
Founding Father, Thomas Jefferson was strongly influenced by Enlightenment philosopher, John Locke.
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
The Committee of 5 aided Jefferson in writing and passing the Declaration.
On July 4, 1776, it was signed by the Continental Congress.

8. “The signing of the Declaration of Independence”- above
The Committee of 5
Key enlightenment philosopher that influenced the thinking and the works of Thomas Jefferson.
“The signing of the Declaration of Independence”- above

9. Too late to apologize song
Thomas Jefferson
The Declaration of Independence listed grievances against the king, and the belief that colonists had the right to part and start their own government since the king did not protect their natural rights.
Too late to apologize song

10. “First in the hearts of his countrymen.”
George Washington
“First in the hearts of his countrymen.”
Washington was the Commander in Chief of the Continental army against the British.
He served as President of the Constitutional Convention and will be the 1st man elected President in our country.
Continental Army – Revolutionary forces
Father of our Country.

11. Characteristics of the Revolution
US Founding Fathers provided stable leadership throughout the American Revolution.
American colonists did not turn on one another or turn on the Founding Fathers.
In the end, we replaced the English king with our own democratic republic.
Lasted 5 years

12. “First in the hearts of his countrymen…”
Crisis at Newburgh
In 1783, the Army had not been paid. Washington’s officers wanted to march on Congress and make Washington - king.
Washington saved the revolution by talking his officers out of mutiny. He also resigned his commission as Commander–in –chief. Washington voluntarily gave up power and returned home.
French Ships
After Cowpen and Eutaw Srings –Victories , British win at Guilford Courthouse in N.C. but heavy loses forced they to retreat to Virginia.
Washing had been trying for months to coordinate his own troops with the French troops and ships that were supposedly read to aid the Americna cause. On top of that, Congress had failed to supply him with desparately needed reinforcemnts and supplies.
Finally in May 1781, thing began to fall into place with the French allies. Toghter with two french fleets, French and American armies converged on Yorktown and hemmed in the british army under corwallis. The British meanwhile, mishandled two fleets of their own, and wer unable to come to Cornwallis’ rescue. On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered his entire army of 8000 men. The British band played a tune called “The World Turned Upside Dow” and band hired by the French played “Yankee Doodle” In Long, when Lord North, the British Prime Minister, heard the news he cried out “ O God It is all over”
Actually, it wasn’t over for more than a year. The British army still held New York, and there were occasional small battles until the ofrm peace treaty
“First in the hearts of his countrymen…”

13. Impact of Revolutions and the Napoleonic Wars
1776 – The American Revolution.
1789 – The French Revolution
– Napoleonic Wars
Haitian Revolution
Mexico’s Independence
Simon Bolivar liberates Latin American nations.