1. Mongol Images

2. The Mongol Empire in 1227, when Genghis Khan died.

3. After the death of Genghis Kahn in 1227, his empire was divided among his sons and grandsons. Son Ogodei succeeded Genghis as Great Khan. Grandson Kublai expanded the Domain of the Great Kahn into eastern China by Grandson Hulagu (brother of Kublai) was the first Il-Khan in the Middle East. Grandson Batu (cousin of Kublai) founded the Khanate of the Golden Horde in southern Russia.. Son Chagatai ruled the Chagatai Empire in Central Asia.

4. Origins
Steppes of Central Asia

5. Who were the Mongols?   Nomads who lived on horseback-from the Asian steppes Herded sheep and traded horses with the ancient Chinese and Persians. Transhumance— circular pattern of migration of cattle, sheep, and goats

6. How did they live? Tribes: Divided into kin-related clans
Traveled in small groups of two or three families.
When needed could combine into large confederation

7. 350 yards compared to longbow’s 250 yards
Mobile
Disciplined
Siege Warfare
Short bows
350 yards compared to longbow’s 250 yards

8. Caravanserai

10. Built in 1332 by Prince Chesar Orbelian, according to an inscription in Armenian and Arabic. This caravanserai offered hospitality to travelers along the highway crossing the Selim (Sulema) mountains. The best preserved of all medieval caravanserais in Armenia, it comprises a vaulted antechamber and a large hall partitioned into three sections lighted through openings in the ceiling