1. Martial

2. Epigram I-1
the number and gender of a relative pronoun is determined by what it is modifying; the case however is determined by its use in the clause
hic = this; ille = that
Martialis is in apposition to ille
orbs, orbis, m = circle/ world
argutis, 3rd decl adj = witty
libellis is diminutive of liber
epigrammaton is Greek genitive
studiosus is 1st/ 2nd decl adj agreeing with lector in vocative (voc is same as nom unless ending in us; us = e; ius = i)
-or suffix = doer; lector comes from lego
studiosus = eager
est is understood with decus
viventi and sentienti are present participles (-ns, -nt-) meaning “-ing” in English; declined in 3rd declension
cineres is metonymy (substitution of one word for another it suggests)
Hic est quem legis ille, quem requiris, Toto notus in orbe Martialis Argutis epigrammaton libellis. Cui, lector studiose, quod dedisti Viventi decus atque sentienti, Rari post cineres habent poetae.
R. Pr.
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nom s
qui
quae
quod
Gen s
cuius
Dat s
cui
Acc s
quem
quam
Abl s
quo
qua
Nom p
Gen p
quorum
quarum
Dat p
quibus
Acc p
quos
quas
Abl p
Find three relative pronouns in the poem (words that mean who or which), and write them down. Try to guess what case each one is in.
Rel. Pron.
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nom
qui
quae
quod
Gen
cuius
Dat
cui
Acc
quem
quam
Abl
quo
qua

3. Epigram I-38
Quem recitas meus est, o Fidentine, libellus: Sed male cum recitas, incipit esse tuus.
quem is rel pronoun modifying libellus
Fidentine is in vocative
cum here means “when”
male is adverb
Rel. Pron.
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nom
qui
quae
quod
Gen
cuius
Dat
cui
Acc
quem
quam
Abl
quo
qua

4. Epigram I-47
Nuper erat medicus, nunc est vispillo Dialus; Quod vispillo facit, fecerat et medicus.
nuper = recently
vispillo, vispillonis, m = undertaker
quod is relative pronoun
fecerat is regular (indicative) pluperfect (3rd prin. part – “i” + “era” + personal ending), meaning “had”
et here means “even” or “too”
Rel. Pron.
Masc
Fem
Neut
Nom
qui
quae
quod
Gen
cuius
Dat
cui
Acc
quem
quam
Abl
quo
qua

5. Epigram II-82
Abscisa servum quid figis, Pontice, lingua? nescis tu populum, quod tacet ille, loqui?
Abscisa and lingua are both in the ablative case. Lingua is a noun and abscisa is a perfect passive participle
A noun and a participle that are both in the ablative case that go together form an “ablative absolute”
An ablative absolute is translated “with the NOUN having been PARTICIPLED” or when a present participle is being used “with the NOUN being PARTICIPLED” Notice in the first example the action is happening in the past, and in the second example the action is happening simultaneously with whatever else is going on.
abscisa means “having been cut out”
quid here means “why” rather than “what”
figis = you fix; you crucify
populum is the object of nescis; loqui is what the populum are doing; this is called an indirect statement and we will discuss it in greater detail later this year
ille is in apposition to servium
There are two words in the first line that are in the Ablative Case. Which are they?

6. Epigram IV-87
Infantem secum semper tua Bassa, Fabulle, collocat et lusus deliciasque vocat, et, quo mireris magis, infantria non est. ergo quid in causa est? pedere Bassa solet.
secum = cum se
collocat comes from locat + cum
lusus comes from ludus
mireris is deponent
mireris, also subjunctive = you might wonder
magis is comparative adverb = more
infantria = fond of babies
pedere = to flatulate

7. Epigram V-81
Semper pauper eris, si pauper es, Aemiliane: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus.
eris is future tense of sum
dantur is passive (r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur) = BEING VERBED, rather than just VERBED
nulli is declined irregularly (nullus, nullius, nulli, nullum, nullo)
nulli is dative

8. Epigram VII-3 Cur non mitto meos tibi, Pontiliane, libellos
Epigram VII-3 Cur non mitto meos tibi, Pontiliane, libellos? Ne mihi tu mittas, Pontiliane, tuos. Epigram X-8 Nubere Paula cupit nobis, ego ducere Paulam Nolo: anus est. Vellem, si magis esset anus.
ne = lest
mittas is subjunctive meaning “might”, “would”, or “should”
nubere takes special dative “nobis”
anus, 4th decl, fem = old woman
vellem is subjunctive of volo
esset is subjunctive in a conditional (si)

9. Epigram X-16 Dotatae uxori cor harudine fixit acuta, Sed dum ludit Aper: ludere novit Aper. Epigram XI-17 Non omnis nostri nocturna est pagina libri: invenies et quod mane, Sabine, legas.
dotatae, 1st/ 2nd decl adj = richly-dowered
harudis, hardinis, f = arrow/ reed
acutus, –a, -um = sharp
novit = knew how
omnis goes with pagina; nostri goes with libri creating an abab pattern known as synchesis
pagina = page
mane = in the morning