1. Urban Decay & Urban Sprawl
Rapid city growth means rapid movt from city to suburbs… creates zones of decay in inner city & urban sprawl in suburbs.
Inner city:
Decay: Derelict buildings, poor housing & closure of industries, lack of open space
Old people remained as young couples left.
Re-housed in multi storey buildings… poorly maintained or moved entire cmty to suburbs.
High crime rate, umemploy. & poor physical environ… social problems.
Lack of employ in factories as most have moved.

2. Urban Sprawl: Takes over agric. land
Car ownership… allows people to live away from work & facilities… adds to city expansion.
Access to work… daily commute…. Expansion had merged suburbs & cities as demand for housing increases.
Industry…. Large scale ind. move to edge of city in ind. estates with access & space… attracts other settlement.
Absence of communities: Entire inner city cmtys re-housed E.g. Ballymun… separated families, friends & generations… created insecurity.