1. World Bank’s support to strengthening weather, climate and hydrological services
- With a focus on observing systems –
Makoto Suwa
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
The World Bank
WMO RAI WIGOS Workshop on AWS Networks
Windhoek, Namibia
November 21, 2018

2. Agenda Background Lessons learned Tender specification project
Global Weather Enterprise (GWE)
Study on the Public Private Engagement
Summary

3. Background: Africa’s Vulnerability to Climate and Disaster Risks
60 million people in need of humanitarian assistance in (El Nino)
Since 1970:
Over 2,000 disasters
Over 460 million people affected
Over 880,000 casualties
By 2030, it is estimated that up to 118 million extremely poor people (living below $1.25/day) will be exposed to drought, floods and extreme heat in Africa.

4. Background: Sectoral context
Weather, climate and hydrological services are integral to the resilience agenda and support economic development
Conservative estimate of high priority hydromet modernization investment in developing countries
US$ billion
O&M: US$ million
WB portfolio in hydromet has increased significantly in the past decade
2010: 25 projects, US$ 270 million
2017: 67 projects, US$ 870 million

5. National/Sub-National
Background: Africa Hydromet Program
Africa Regional System Integration
- Improved access to and production of global products
- Knowledge and advisory services to support strategic development, project preparation and management, coordination and service delivery
- Coordination with AMCOMET, GFCS
Modernization of WMO Regional Centers
- Strengthening capacity and management to enhance trans-boundary cooperation on weather and flood forecasting, early warning and climate prediction.
National/Sub-National
- Institutional strengthening and capacity building of targeted NMHSs
- Modernization of hydromet infrastructure
- Improving service delivery including development of National Framework of Climate Services
Regional
Sub-Regional
National/Sub-National

6. Background: Hydromet Portfolio in Africa
As of October 17th, 2016
Senegal
Burkina- Faso
Madagascar
Ethiopia
Democratic Republic of Congo
Rwanda
Mozambique
Malawi
Zambia
Lesotho
Mali
Niger
Chad
Cameroon
Botswana
Kenya
Ghana
Legend
Investment – active
Investment – under preparation
Technical assistance

7. Lessons Learned: Lessons from Hydromet Modernization Projects
High Value
Building Institutions
Technically complex
Hydrological Services
Partnerships and Coordination

8. Lessons Learned: Lessons from Hydromet Modernization Projects

9. Lessons Learned: Value chain approach
Optimal network design (political vs scientific)
Selection of equipment (no testing period)
O&M
Shift in skill, capacity building (EE, ICT)
Integration of new technology
Modernization may come with higher cost to run the system

10. Lessons Learned: Value chain approach – example (Myanmar – 30M USD)
31%
18% 6% 5%
10%
Data management
ICT
Observation
Specific services
10%
Capacity building
…and some related activities

11. Lessons Learned: Optimization of the entire system is the ultimate goal
“Optimizing each subsystem independently will not in general lead to a system optimum, or more strongly, improvement of a particular subsystem may actually worsen the overall system” (R.E. Machol, 1965)

12. Lessons Learned: Current Activities Responding to Lessons
Integrated approach
Working jointly with partners to find solutions for better project preparation, improving project design and support implementation
Introducing innovations through support of cascading forecasting approaches, Impact Based Forecasting and MHEWS
Facilitating better cooperation with private sector
PPE discussions (InterMet Asia, Global Weather Enterprise Seminar)
Tender specification guidance with the Association of Hydro-Meteorological Equipment Industry (HMEI) and WMO
Improvement of coordination with development partners
Working closely with WMO

14. Tender Specification project: About project
Objectives: To prepare a set of Requirement Specifications for Tendering for SYNOPTIC Observation Systems
Requirements
Provide a comprehensive and coherent weather station system specification.
Requirement specifications compliant with WMO manuals and guides.
Functional vendor independent requirement specifications.
Detailed technical specifications only if required.
Tender specifications easy to understand to achieve an effective and efficient purchasing process.
Outcomes
Prepare a set of vendor independent good quality requirement specifications that everybody can use when an observation network or system has to be purchased through tendering.
And prepare a web based tool to generate tender documentation in an easy manner.

15. Tender Specification project: Tools
Draft tools available for testing at MOP/AWS_Tender_Spec/AWS_Tender_Sp ec.html
Need your feedback!

16. GWE: Global Weather Enterprise
The Global Weather Enterprise is the global dimension of the multi-national multi-stakeholder weather enterprise encompassing all contributors to the Earth system monitoring, prediction and service provision from public, private and academic sectors, as well as learned or civil society entities (WMO 2018).

17. 2017 2018 2018 2019 GWE: Timeline Met Tech Expo 2017 GWE Seminar
WMO EC
AMS
Mar
May
July
Sept
Nov
Jan
Mar
Nov 7
2017
2018
Dec 20
Today
5 days
GWE Conference
Met Tech Expo 2018
16 days
World Meteorological Congress
24 days
WMO EC
AMS
17 days
25 days
May
July
Sept
Nov
Jan
Mar
May
2018
2019

18. GWE: Main take away messages from GWE discussions
Opportunities and Challenges:
Business Model
Defining business models that lead to “win-win-win” for PPP
Better collaboration/partnerships needed among GWE players
There is a discernible move from the provision of capital-based infrastructure to a service-based approach
Roles & responsibilities clarified
Culture change & Improving trust
Ensure a level playing field
Need to account for regional and country differences - One model will not fit all
Dialogue needed
Better linkages with emerging users: Insurance
Data
Opportunities for more observations
Enhancing data access and exchange
Quality assurance for inputs and outputs

19. PPE Study: Study on Private Public Engagement in Hydromet Services
Primary objective of the study
Develop guidance material on public private engagement (PPE) based on a comparative analysis of public private engagements

20. PPE Study: Selection of preliminary findings (cont.)
Developing countries
Developing countries can take another path than developed countries did.
Development partners play a major role. However, often …
… the project design does not consider the development of PPE.
… projects fail to take into account the total cost of ownership of new equipment. This creates pressure find new revenue streams to cover for additional operation and maintenance costs.

21. PPE Study: Selection of preliminary findings
Blockers of PPE
Focus only on NMHS capability, losing sight of value chain.
Lack of understanding the big picture, focus on tactical issues.
Lack of international revenue/cost sharing mechanism for observation data.
False hopes for willingness to pay for basic data and products.
False hopes for the capability of NMHS to tailor, deliver, and support a large variety of services requiring a high degree of customer business integration.

22. PPE Study: Key enablers of a vibrant PPE
Legal framework: existent, enforced and stable over time
Open Data with free access for data produced by all public entities, including the NMHS.
No hydromet monopoly (beside warnings), licensing or other market barriers.
No commercial activities of the NMHS, without very strong laws on competition.
Sound strategy, clear role and corresponding budget allocation for NMHS. No requirements regarding cost recovery.
Creating high awareness of public entities (not only NMHS), businesses and the general public regarding the benefits from hydromet products and services.
A structured and continuous dialog between public, private, and academic sector.

23. Summary
There are more financing opportunities in the hydromet domain though challenges remain: how to avoid fragmentation and make investment more sustainable and effective
How to make the balance of investments right?
Tender specification tool available
Growing opportunities for partnerships with private and academic sectors

24. Makoto Suwa