1. The Human Body: Anatomical Regions, Directions, and Body Cavities

2. Standard
12) Outline the in-depth normal structure and function of the musculoskeletal, digestive, and cardio-respiratory systems, specifically as they relate to radiology. Review directions, planes, and sections of the body in order to perform radiographic images. Summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to list signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each system

3. At the conclusion of this lesson I CAN:
Model the anatomical position
Differentiate between various directional terms and model their position
Identify the body cavity to which various organs are located

4. Why do we need to learn body directions?

5. Anatomical Position Body erect Feet slightly apart
Palms facing forward
Thumbs point away from body
Figure 1.7a

6. Directional Terms
Table 1.1

7. Directional Terms
Table 1.1

9. Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Toward a reference point (extremity)
Distal
Away from a reference point (extremity)
Inferior
Lower or below
Superior
Upper or above
Cephalad or Cranial
Head
Caudal or Caudad
Tail, tail end
Anterior
Toward the front
Posterior
Toward the back
Dorsal
Ventral

10. PARTNERS 1 Lateral to the heart Proximal to the knee
Inferior to the neck
On the anterior side of the body
Distal to the elbow
Posterior side of the hand

11. Partners 2 Inferior to the heart Distal to the knee
On the posterior side of the neck
Medial to the lungs
Superior to the waist
On the anterior side of the arm

12. Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts
Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

14. Body Planes and Sections
The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane.
The three most common planes are:
Sagittal (Median) plane
(cuts body into left & right)
Frontal (coronal) plane
(cuts body into front & back)
Transverse plane (cross section)
(cuts body into superior &
inferior parts)
Sagittal – think twins

15. Body Planes
Figure 1.8

16. Body Planes and Sections
Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? the top and bottom of the kidney? Which plane could be used to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the body?
Use full sentences

17. Body Planes and Sections
Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal
Use full sentences

18. Overview Video

19. Play Dough
Make Three – 3 dimensional little Men and wait for instructions.

20. Exit Ticket Step 1: Draw a man in anatomical position
Step 2: Use arrows to label Superior/Inferior
Step 3: Use arrows to label Medial and Lateral
Step 4: Use arrow on a limb to label proximal and distal
Step 5: Label Sagittal, Coronal and Transverse Plane

21. How do you determine your right from your left?
How do you determine a patient’s right from left?
What are common, everyday directional terms that you could use to give someone directions?
Why do you think health care might have directional terms?