1. Networked Information resources
Long tail

2. General Patterns of Use

3. Power laws in informetrics
Zipf’s law
Bradford’s law
Lotka’s law of author productivity
Web hub

4. Hits are rare
Number that circulate regularly are very few

5. Three conditions for powerlaws
1. Variety
2. Inequality
3. Network effects such as word of mouth and reputation, which tend to amplify differences in quality

6. The long tail

8. Three forces of the long tail
Democratize production
Democratize distribution
Connect supply and demand
Reduce search cost, increase market efficiency

12. Democratize production
Layperson participation in the production of culture (e.g. blog, Wiki, podcast, citizen journalism, youtube)
Social network: community-based, collaborative participation

17. Social aspects of participatory network
The gift economy
Altruistic instinct?
The reputation economy
Exposure culture
Peer recognition
Vibrant and diverse sub-cultures
Niches

18. Niche market
In ecology: a species’ position and use of resources within its environment
A niche market: a focused, targetable portion of a market sector not addressed by mainstream providers

19. Fragmentation
‘Each individual listeners, viewers, or reader is, and has always been a unique mix of generic interests and specific interests. Although many of these individuals might share some generic interests, such as the weather, most, if not all of them, have very different specific interests.’

20. Niches and sub-cultures
‘The result is that more and more individuals, who had been using only the (generic) mass medium because that’s all they had, have gravitated to these specialty publications, channels, or websites rather than continue to use only mass medium publications, channels or websites.’