1. Kingdom Protista
Biology 11

2. Background:
Protists first appeared in the fossil records about 1.5 billion years ago.
Demonstrate an important evolutionary advancement, a membrane bound nucleus.
Contain organelles such as ribsomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes.These structures provide a more efficient method of using available nutrients.
Reproduce sexually and asexually.
Require an aquatic environment.

3. Characteristics: Eukaryotes (have a nucleus and other organelles)
Mostly unicellular (single cell)
Some heterotrophs, some autotrophs

4. Protista is divided into 3 large groups:
Based on the organisms they most resemble
Animal-like Protists
Plant-like Protists
Fungus-like Protists

5. 1. Animal-like Protists:
4 phyla (classified on the basis of their method of movement
Rhizopods (Sarcodina): move by pseudopods (extensions of the cytoplasm)
Ciliata (Ciliophora): move by cilia (tiny hair structures)
Flagellata (Zoomastigina): move by flagella (whip like tail)
Sporozoa: no movement

7. 2. Plant like Protists: 6 phyla (mostly based on colour)
Euglenoids (Euglenophyta)
Green Algae (Chlorophyta)
Golden Algae (Crysophyta)
Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)
Fire Algae (Phrrophyta)

9. 3. Fungus like Protists: 3 phyla
Includes slime molds, water molds, mildew

10. Pseudopods: