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Cells Gallery of Cells Ms. Cuthrell
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1.1.1 Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell.
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Animal Cell
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Plant Cell
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NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA
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Plasma Membrane Protective layer around ALL cells.
Allows things in and out of cells. Helps cell maintain homeostasis (internal balance).
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CELL WALL protects the cell gives shape is made of cellulose
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria. NOT found in animal cells. Located outside the cell membrane.
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MITOCHONDRIA Organelles that break down glucose to make ATP- process called cellular respiration. Since it makes energy, we also call it the powerhouse. Inner folded membranes= increase in surface area= more energy production during aerobic cellular respiration
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VACUOLES Temporary storage spaces Store food, water, waste
Take up most of a plant’s cells volume.
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Chloroplasts Green organelles that make food= photosynthesis
found only in plant cells
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RIBOSOMES Site of protein synthesis! = to make proteins
Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) In ALL cells!
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The Cell is like a Factory
DNA from the nucleus codes for proteins. Proteins are used as enzymes for chemical reactions: Energy production at the mitochondria Making glucose in the chloroplast Digesting large organic molecules
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Life’s Levels of Hierarchy
Atoms-> Molecules-> Organelles-> Cells >Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organisms This applies only for multicellular organisms.
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