1. ORGANELLES – “little organs”
Found in both plant and animal cells Chapter 7

2. Prokaryotes Small, simple cells
Contain cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
NO NUCLEUS
DNA loose in cytoplasm
Ex: all bacteria
Believed to be first
Life on Earth!

3. Eukaryotes – “true” nucleus
Contain nucleus and many organelles
All plants, animals, fungi and many and Protists fit here!
Much bigger cell with more advanced functions!

4. Cell membrane – EVERY cell
Thin, flexible barrier that allows certain things in and out of cell. Made from lipids that are part hydrophilic and part hydrophobic (buried inside!).

5. Cell Wall – Not in animals – in plants, fungi, some Protists, bacteria
Strong layer of support and protection for cell – made of cellulose (a polysaccharide).-

6. Nucleus – plural nuclei
Contains cells genetic material (the code for making you!)and controls cells activities. GOAL – to make proteins!!

7. Inside the nucleus:
Chromatin – grainy looking material. It is DNA bound to protein.
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes – X structures

8. Nucleolus
This is where ribosome assembly begins from rRNA.

9. Nuclear Envelope
Allows RNA and other molecules in and out of the nucleus. Protects nucleus.

10. Vacuoles – storage for water, salts, amino acids…
Plant cell – One huge central vacuole to hold water, salts etc..
Animals – many smaller ones throughout cell.

11. Lysosomes – Vat of acid to digest things…food, old organelles, pathogens. Not in plants!

12. Cytoskeleton
Network of protein that helps cell maintain its’ shape – like a skeleton
Can move and other organelles “ride” on them – like a monorail.

13. Ribosomes
Make proteins based on instructions coming from the nucleus!!

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Where parts of the cell membrane are assembled and steriods are made from fat(smooth ER)
Ribosomes are located in rough ER to make protein and modify.

15. Golgi Apparatus
Like a post office – it packages and ships proteins out to other cells! So, it is always found after the ER and near the cell membrane

16. Mitochondria – plural Mitochondrion - singular
These use energy from food to make high energy compounds (ATP). Found in plant and animal cells and they move around cell.

17. Chloroplast – Plant cells only (algae and some bacteria)
Use energy from sunlight to make energy rich molecules (photosynthesis)

18. All cell parts work together to make and distribute protein!
Endomembrane system -