1. Drugs and Pain Receptors

2. 1. Neurotransmitters communicate the message from sensory neuron to interneuron
2. Pain is felt because if the pressure passes the "pain threshold" then nociceptors are triggers.
3. prostoglandins are released when cells are damaged and these

5. Chemicals that cause pain cycle
Tissue Damage
Chemicals that cause pain cycle
Release of phospholipids (cell membrane)
release of arachidonic acid
Reaction with Cox 2 (enzyme)
reaction with Cox 1 (enzyme)
inflammatory prostoglanins
protective
prosoglanins
Dock onto nociceptors
1. cause sensory impulse to travel to brain,
2. cause heat to area, and 3. swelling to area

6. How Local Anesthetic Works

8. Analgesic - pain killers (tylenol, aspirin, etc) that act on the central nervous system

9. Reye's Syndrome
Aspirin to children under 12, or children with a fever, can lead to Reye's syndrome.
Liver stops converting ammonia into urea (toxins in blood increase)
Liver and brain swells

10. How Cocaine impacts your neurotransmitters
Cocaine blocks the recycling of dopamine (the neurotransmitter) and also blocks the receptors of the receiving neuron
This will prevent the nerve impulse from having a new vesicle that is full of neurotransmitters from coming across

11. Drugs act on the following:
1. stop the chemical reactions that create neurotransmitters
2. empty neurotransmitters from the vesicles so that they are broken down inside the cell
3. block the vesicle from exocytosis
4. bind to the post-synpatic receptors so that the neurotransmitters can not bond to the next dentrite
5. prevent neurotransmitters from returning to the pre-synaptic neuron

13. responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles
plant poisons (hemlock) block acetylcholine which causes paralysis
botulin prevents vesicles in the axon terminal from releasing acetylcholine

14. sympathetic nervous system high alert
Neurotransmitters
Noradrenalin
sympathetic nervous system high alert
increases heart rate and blood pressure
amphetamines (speed) causes the release of noradrenalin

15. most common neurotransmitter of the CNS
Neurotransmitters
Glutamate
most common neurotransmitter of the CNS
very important for memory neurons in the cerebrum
Too much glutamate released is toxic to cells
ALS (Lou Gehring's) results from excessive glutamate production