1. The 49th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy
ENHANCED ADSORPTION ABILITY OF GRAPE POMACE HYDROCHAR UPON ALKALI MODIFICATION
JELENA PETROVIĆ, MARIJA MIHAJLOVIĆ, MIRJANA STOJANOVIĆ, MARIJA PETROVIĆ, MARIJA KOJIĆ AND JELENA MILOJKOVIĆ
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials,
86 Franchet d’Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia

2. Copper
Copper is one of the toxic metals commonly found in industrial effluents.
Polluted wastewater must be purified before its discharge into the environment and watercourses.
Conventional methods for water purification have various technical limitations.
Advantages of biosorption:
selectivity,
low-price,
high efficiency and
sustainability.
Along with the biosorption, development of new methods for conversion of waste biomass, focused on design of novel multifunctional materials, become very attractive-HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION.

3. Hydrothermal carbonization
HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION (HTC) is a promising technology for conversion of wet biomass into highly functional materials.
The process is carried out in a suspension of biomass and water at elevated temperature ( °C) and saturated pressure for several hours.
Two main products:
insoluble carbon-rich hydrochar (HC)
process water
Hydrochar is a homogeneous, energy-dense solid, abundant with oxygen-containing functional groups.

4. HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION
Agricultural residue
Industrial plants
Organic waste
Animal manure
Sewage sludge
Catalyst
Temperature
HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION
Reaction time
Pressure
Carbon Material
Fuel Cell Material
HYDROCHAR
Adsorbent
Catalyst
Solid Fuel
Soil Amendment

5. KOH modified hydrochar
Vineyard in Radmilovac
Grape pomace
220 °C
HTC reactor
Hydrochar
Process water
Future research
Cu2+ removal
KOH
activation
KOH modified hydrochar

6. Experimental Experimental studies:
The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of grape pomace hydrochar (GP-HC) and alkali modified hydrochar (GP-HCA) to remove copper ions from aqueous solution.
Experimental studies:
Preliminary batch adsorption test;
Characterization of materials.
Scanning electron microscopy
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

7. Experimental
Cu2+ concentrations were determined using atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS) (Analytic Jena Spekol 300).
SEM analysis was performed using a JSM-6610 (JEOL Inc., USA).
FTIR analysis was performed in transmission mode using Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS50

8. Preliminary adsorption test
experimental conditions:
dose: 0.05 g/L;
initial metal concentrations: 100 mg/L;
pH: 5.0;
contact time: 60 min;
temperature: 25±0.5 °C;
stirring speed: 250 rpm;
38.2 mg/g
8.0 mg/g

9. SEM Analysis More binding sites for Cu2+ ions Porous structures
GP-HCA
GP-HC
Porous structures
Rougher surface of GP-HCA fascilate the diffusion of Cu 2+ ions
More binding sites for Cu2+ ions

10. FTIR Analysis
C-O
O-H

11. Conclusion
Findings from this work suggest that GP-HCA could be a efficient adsorbent of Cu2+ ions from aqueosu solutions.
Adsorption capacity mg/g.
From SEM analysis can be concluded that KOH activation increases surface cracks which provide a larger contact surface i.e. more binding sites for Cu2+ removal.
The differences in FTIR spectra of GP-HC samples before and after KOH treatment showed structural changes which might affect the increase of the Cu2+ sorption ability.
Our findings suggest that the GP is a promising precursor for production of quality adsorbents for Cu2+ removal from wastewaters using HTC.

12. The 49th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy
Thank you for attention!
Institute for technology of nuclear and other mineral raw materials
86 Franchet d’Esperey St.,
11000 Belgrade, Serbia ,