Unit 8: SOL Objectives WHI.8a-d

Unit 8: SOL Objectives WHI.8a-d
Islam Unit 8: SOL Objectives WHI.8a-d

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DJE 1. What are the major religions? 2. Why is it important to learn about them? 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Basic Beliefs of Islam One God: (Allah= Arabic world for God Judgment Day Acceptance of prophets, including Moses and Jesus Muhammad was the last prophet by God

Founding of Islam 570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca The Prophet Muhammad 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Founding of Islam 610 AD Muhammad was told by a vision of the angel Gabriel that he would be a prophet so he began preaching in Mecca 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Muhammad receiving the message from Gabriel 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Founding of Islam Islamic religion spread from Mecca to Medina along trade routes 622 AD: Muhammad fled to Medina because of threats to his life 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Spread of Islam from Mecca to Medina 570 AD to 622 AD 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Founding of Islam 630 AD: Muhammad returned to Mecca and was accepted 632 AD: Muhammad died in Medina 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Five Pillars As part of the Islam religion, all true Muslims must perform 5 duties: 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Affirmation of Faith The duty to recite the creed: “There is nothing worthy of worship save Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God” 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Prayer The duty to pray to God five times each day Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Almsgiving The duty to give away alms and to help the needy Gabriel showing Muhammad the importance of alms giving 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Fasting The duty to keep the fast of Ramadan. This is a month long fast from sunrise to sunset. 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Pilgrimage The duty to visit Mecca at least once in a lifetime 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Quran (Koran) Islamic Holy Book 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Holy City Mecca (Birthplace of Muhammad) 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Spread of Islamic Civilization

Islamic religion spread rapidly over great distances: Syria, Iraq, Jerusalem, Egypt, Persia, Spain, Asia Minor, Russia, and India

Why?? Quran instructed them to spread their faith. 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Expansion 635 AD: Muslim Conquest of Damascus, Syria 637 AD: Muslim Conquest of Iraq 638 AD: Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem 4/8/2019 Template copyright

641 AD: Muslim conquest Egypt 649 AD: Muslim conquest of Persia 718 AD: Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) mostly occupied by Muslims 4/8/2019 Template copyright

732 AD: Battle of Tours **Muslims were defeated** and Islamic expansion into Europe stopped 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Tours is a city located in France. 4/8/2019 Template copyright

4/8/2019 Template copyright

11th Century Turks seize most of Asia Minor from Byzantine 4/8/2019 Template copyright

13th Century Tatars conquer Russia, converted to Islam 4/8/2019 Template copyright

1453 Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks, End of Byzantine Empire 4/8/2019 Template copyright

The Split in Islam

Split of Islam 656 AD- two groups split over how the religious leaders should be chosen 4/8/2019 Template copyright

SHIITE (Shi’a) Mostly in Iraq & Iran Thought leader must be related to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima & Ali 4/8/2019 Template copyright

The 12 Imams, believed to be descendants of Muhammad’s daughter Fatima and son-in-Law Ali and the infallible true leaders of Islam. 4/8/2019 Template copyright

SUNNI Majority of Muslims Leader should be any devout Muslim that the Muslims would accept 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Two groups fought each other; Sunni won & began the 1st Muslim Empire: 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Umayyad Empire ( AD) Moved capital to Damascus, Syria (Centrally located) Conquered to the Indus River, North Africa, & Spain 4/8/2019 Template copyright

STOP!!! **MUSLIMS ARE STOPPED IN 732 AD AT THE BATTLE OF TOURS IN FRANCE*** 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Abbasids vs. Umayyad Abbasids defeated Umayyad in 750 AD Built a new capital in Baghdad, Iraq 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Beginning in 800 AD Islamic Empire began to break up and by 1000 AD only controlled area around Baghdad 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Islamic Civilization preserved and extended ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian Learning 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Cultural Contributions
Architecture (ex: Dome of the Rock, mosques) Mosaics Arabic alphabet 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Cultural Contributions and Achievements
Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Scientific contributions/Achievements
Arabic numerals (adapted from India), including zero Medicine Expansion of geographic knowledge Algebra 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis), the father of modern surgery, performed surgeries under inhalant anesthesia, invented plaster and many surgical instruments 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Medicine Al-Razi- Chief physician at hospital in Baghdad Compiled a huge medical encyclopedia, explaining diseases so doctors could tell them apart. 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Medicine Ibn Sina Scholar and doctor Wrote the textbook Canon of Medicine Used in Europe until 1650 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi Compiled Arabic math book Developed Algebra 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Geography Al-Idrisi Sent people to countries to study geographic features Developed more accurate maps 4/8/2019 Template copyright

Unit 8: SOL Objectives WHI.8a-d

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