1. Biochemistry

2. VOCAB Chapter 2: The chemistry of life
All bold highlighted words and definitions

3. Matter Elements & Compounds
Takes up space
Has mass
Atoms
Basic unit of matter
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Element
Can not be broken down by chemical rxns
Examples ?
Compound
Two or more elements combine in fixed ratio

4. Elements and Compounds
Sodium
Chlorine
chloride

5. Elemental Properties 2 Atomic number He Atomic mass 4.00
Element symbol
Electron-
distribution
diagram
Atomic mass 2 He
4.00

6. Bonds Covalent Bond Chemical bonds:
Interactions between valance electrons
Chemical bonds form molecules
Covalent Bond
Valance electrons shared
Non polar covalent: equally shared e-
Polar covalent: unequal sharing due to electronegativity
 – O + +

7. Scientific Method Review
Come up with TWO experimental scenarios. Write a paragraph describing each experimental situation. Under each paragraph identify and write out the following points.
1. Hypothesis (If…then…)
2. Independent variable (What is being manipulated)
3. Dependent variable (What is measured)
4. Control group
5. Experimental group
6. What are 5 things that would need to be kept constant
7. What are two possible conclusions for this experiment.

8. WATER

9. Structure of Water Structure key to special properties Polarity
Uneven distribution of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen
Allows water to dissolve many substances
Hydrogen bonding
Important to giving water its special properties
Each molecule can form max 4
Common in water

10. H O H  –  +  –  +  –  +  –  + Hydrogen bond —— —— Fig. 3-2
Figure 3.2 Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
 –
 +

11. Properties of Water Versatility as a Solvent
4. Water as a solvent
Solvent
Solute
Solution

12. Properties of Water Cohesive Behavior
Cohesion
Water linked to water
Responsible for surface tension
Partial charges make water “sticky”
Adhesion
Clinging of one substance to another
Rainex
Transpiration

14. Adhesion Water-conducting cells Direction Cohesion of water movement
Fig. 3-3
Adhesion
Water-conducting
cells
Direction
of water
movement
Cohesion
Figure 3.3 Water transport in plants
150 µm

15. Other uses of water to living things
regulates body temperature
maintains cell turgidity
used to maintain shape of proteins
transports nutrients
provides environment for chemical reactions (most important for cells)