1. Usefulness and limitations of computational models in aortic disease risk stratification 
Carsten J. Beller, MD, Martha M. Gebhard, MD, PhD, Matthias Karck, MD, PhD, Michel R. Labrosse, PhD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 52, Issue 6, Pages (December 2010)
DOI: /j.jvs
Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Qualitative illustration of the influence of the opening angle Θ0 (first row) on the circumferential residual stress when the aorta is unpressurized (second row), and on the transmural distribution of circumferential stress when the aorta is pressurized (third row). According to the common understanding, residual stress is expected to reduce the transmural stress gradient, as in the case of positive Θ0 (first column), compared to the case without residual stress (second column). When the opening angle is negative (third column), the radially cut aorta curls backward, leaving the intima on the outside of the C shape. In such a case, the computations described in the article show that the highest stresses are reached toward the outer radius, which will be discussed herein.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Control model of typical aortic segment for investigation of all study parameters but nonlinearity and residual stress. a, Undeformed mesh of the finite element model. b, Results for circumferential stress. c, Results for longitudinal stress.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Model 7 in Table I, with a vessel curvature of 40 mm similar to that of the aortic arch. a, Undeformed mesh of the finite element model. b, Results for circumferential stress. c, Results for longitudinal stress.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Advanced ascending aortic model, with nonlinear, anisotropic material properties, but without residual stress. a, Unloaded (stress-free) geometry and mesh. b, Results for circumferential stress; c, Results for longitudinal stress.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Advanced ascending aortic model, with nonlinear, anisotropic material properties, and with residual stress. a, Stress-free geometry and mesh. b, Unloaded geometry with circumferential residual stress. c, Results for circumferential stress. d, Results for longitudinal stress.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions