1. Sebaceous Gland Atrophy in Psoriasis: An Explanation for Psoriatic Alopecia? 
Laure Rittié, Trilokraj Tejasvi, Paul W. Harms, Xianying Xing, Rajan P. Nair, Johann E. Gudjonsson, William R. Swindell, James T. Elder 
Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Volume 136, Issue 9, Pages (September 2016)
DOI: /j.jid
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2. Figure 1
Sebaceous glands (SGs) are atrophic in lesional (PP) versus nonlesional (PN) psoriatic skin. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction of PP and PN skin sample pair #1 (figure shown is representative of rotational views of three PP/PN pairs, which are shown in Supplementary Video 1 online). Note SG atrophy in the PP skin sample relative to its paired PN sample. SGs are colored light blue, hair follicles (HFs) purple, hair canals dark brown, eccrine ducts magenta, and epidermis yellow. (b) Quantification of SG volumes in the three pairs shown in (a). (c) Distribution of HFs with normal (i.e., 1) versus abnormal SG count (0 or >1 per HF). Data complement the contingency Table S1; n = 6 pairs. PSU, pilosebaceous unit.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
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3. Figure 2
Oil Red O (ORO) staining is markedly reduced in sebaceous glands (SGs), but not stratum corneum, of lesional (PP) versus nonlesional (PN) psoriatic skin. (a) SG staining in PP versus PN skin. Top row: three-dimensional reconstruction of ORO-stained pilosebaceous units (PSUs) (representative images of one pilosebaceous “group” per subject are shown; three groups were found in each biopsy). Hair follicles are in blue, and SGs are in cyan. Middle and bottom rows: aspect of ORO staining in sections corresponding to the colored lines on reconstructs (red and purple in middle and bottom, respectively). Scale bars indicate 100 μm. (b) Stratum corneum staining in PP versus PN skin. Note the similar degree of stratum corneum staining between PP and PN skin (top panels, in contrast to markedly lower ORO staining in SG from the same individual, horizontal section). Very similar results were obtained in the other two individuals studied. Scale bar indicates 100 μm.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
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4. Figure 3
Loss of visible hairs in lesional (PP) versus nonlesional (PN) psoriatic skin. (a) Example of a clinical photograph of lesional and surrounding perilesional skin. Circles indicate two biopsy sites chosen in lesional skin. (b) Quantitation of hairs. Visible hairs were assessed in photographs of PP (lesional) skin from 71 cases, of whom 52 also had photographs of PN skin biopsy sites, and in 52 normal (controls) skin biopsies. Asterisks indicate P < by a Fisher’s exact test, with PP skin as the referent.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
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5. Figure 4
Expansion of the epidermis reduces the relative contribution of appendageal structures to the epithelial compartment of psoriatic skin. Quantitation of (a) hair follicle length, (b) appendage count for eccrine sweat glands (ESGs), hair follicles (HFs), (c) epidermal volume per biopsy, and (d) percentage of total epithelial volume occupied by ESGs, HFs, sebaceous glands (SGs), and epidermis in three-dimensional reconstructs of lesional (PP) versus nonlesional (PN) psoriatic skin (n = 3 pairs for all). (a) box-and-whisker graphs (boxes extend from 25th to 75th percentiles, lines are medians, whiskers are minimum to maximum). (b, d) Mean ± standard deviation. *P < (two-tailed paired t-test).
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
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6. Figure 5
Transcriptome analysis of normal (NN) skin-based gene modules in psoriatic lesions and sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) lesions, compared with normal skin. All panels depict enrichment for genes mapping to previously described normal skin-derived coexpression modules (Li et al., 2014). The upper panel shows enrichment for genes involved in lipid biosynthetic processes, the middle panel shows enrichment for genes downregulated at least 4-fold in lesional psoriatic skin (PP) versus normal (NN) skin, and the bottom panel shows enrichment for genes upregulated at least 4-fold in SH compared with NN skin. Enrichment for each module is quantified based on –log10-transformed P-values (Fisher’s exact test; blue: P < 0.05; red: FDR < 0.05). DEG, differentially expressed gene; FDR, false discovery rate.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j.jid )
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