1. Muscle Gross Anatomy
Department of Biology, WCU

2. Muscle groups Gut muscles (smooth) Trunk muscles Limb muscles
Muscles of the head and neck
(not cardiac)

3. 1. Gut muscles
Layered
outer longitudinal, inner circular
Peristalsis

4. Skeletal muscles Naming criteria: location (frontalis etc.)
Shape (deltoid)
size (maximus etc.)
direction of fibers (rectus etc.)

5. Skeletal muscles Naming criteria: number of origins
origin: immovable bone
insertion: moveable bone
attachment points (sternocleidomastoid)
Action (flexors etc.)

6. 2. Trunk muscles Epaxial (dorsal) Function
extend vertebrae or individually

7. 2. Trunk muscles
Hypaxial (ventral)
Function
Flex truck

8. 2. Trunk muscles Abdominal muscles i. Obliques ii. Abdominus
Common functions
Linea alba
aponeurosis

9. 3. Limb muscles Dorsal vs ventral Dorsal extensors, ventral flexors
A. Dorsal extensors
Arm
triceps brachii
extensors in forearm

10. 3. Limb muscles B. Ventral flexors Leg Arm
quadriceps femoris (problem?)
extensor digitorum longus
B. Ventral flexors
Arm
biceps brachii
brachialis
flexors of the forearm

11. 3. Limb muscles B. Ventral flexors C. Girdles Leg Flexors
hamstrings (problem?)
flexors of the lower leg
C. Girdles
Flexors
pectoral muscles
thigh adductors (longus, brevis, magnus)

12. 3. Limb muscles C. Girdles Extensors deltoids
gluteal muscles (maximus, minimus, medius)

13. 4. Head and neck muscles
Eye muscles
Rectus (4)
Obliques (2)

14. 4. Head and neck muscles Tongue muscles genioglossus hyoglossus
styloglossus

15. 4. Head and neck muscles Face muscles corrugator supercilli
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus
levator labii superioris
depressor labii inferioris
platysma

16. 4. Head and neck muscles Mastication muscles masseter temporalis
pterygoids