1. Blood Flow Blood flow = Cardiac output (CO)= HR x SV
HR = Heart Rate = Beats/min
SV = Stroke volume = ml/min = cm3/min
So, blood flow units = cm3/min

2. Blood Flow = Cardiac Output =
π= 3.14
η= viscosity = poise
ΔP= pressure gradient = dyne/cm2
r4= blood vessel average radius = cm4
l= length = cm
F= Blood Flow = cm3/sec (NOT cm3/min).
Important notes:
To covert blood pressure gradient from mmHg to dyne/cm2 multiply by 1330.
viscosity of plasma = poise. Ht=0.45 Males, 0.40 Females.

3. Blood Velocity V= Velocity of blood = cm/sec F= Blood Flow = cm3/sec
A= Area of blood vessel = cm2

4. Problem
A male patient has a systolic blood pressure = 160 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure = 100 mmHg. Calculate the patient’s cardiac output if patient’s body weight = 100 kg, total blood length = 12 m, average blood vessels radius = 0.5 cm . The patient has normal hematocrit value.

5. Answer
1) Pressure gradient = MAP = diastolic BP + 1/3(systolic BP – diastolic BP) = /3*60= 120 mmHg = 120*1330 = Dyne/cm2
l= 12 m = 1200 cm
r4= (0.5)4= cm4
η= (1+2.5*0.45)= poise
CO=
CO= 102 cm3/sec = 6118 cm3/min = Liters/min approx.

6. Problem 2
In the same patient, calculate the heart rate if the Stroke volume = 70 cm3/beat.

7. Answer 2)
HR= 6118/70 = 87 beats/min. .

8. Problem
A male patient has a systolic blood pressure = 160 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure = 100 mmHg. Calculate the patient’s cardiac output if patient’s body weight = 100 kg, total blood length = 12 m, average blood vessels radius = 0.5 cm . The patient has normal hematocrit value.
In the same patient, calculate the heart rate if the Stroke volume = 70 cm3/beat.
If the average blood vessels cross sectional area = 0.3 cm2 , what is the average blood velocity in this patient.

9. Answer
3) Blood velocity =
= 6118/0.3= cm/min.

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