1. Figure 2 Core molecular clock machinery
Figure 2 | Core molecular clock machinery. The transcriptional and translational feedback loops of clock genes and proteins such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PER and CRY comprise the core circadian clock machinery. Post-translational and post-transcriptional regulation of the clock system helps maintain robust circadian oscillations. To control diurnal oscillation of physiological functions, the expression of many transcription factors shows day–night fluctuation, leading to diurnal variations in expression of their target genes. These targets are therefore called clock-controlled genes. BMAL1, brain and muscle ARNT-like 1; CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CRY, cryptochrome; DBP, D-site binding protein; miRNAs, microRNAs; PER, period circadian clock; PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; PPRE, peroxisome proliferator response element; RORs, retinoid-related orphan receptors; RORE, ROR-response element; SREBPs, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins.
Tahara, Y. & Shibata, S. (2016) Circadian rhythms of liver physiology and disease: experimental and clinical evidence
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro