1. Cognitive therapies
LO: be able to describe and evaluate cognitive therapies to abnormalities

2. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Challenge irrational and dysfunctional thought processes.
Beck’s cognitive therapy (depression)

3. Ellis: Rational-emotive behavioural Therapy (REBT)
Based on idea that many problems are the result of faulty thinking.
self defeating habits  faulty beliefs about themselves and the world around them.
The method can be said to be more confrontational than Beck’s by challenging the clients self defeating beliefs in intense debates….

4. Beck’s (1976) CBT (AO1)
Negative schemata = negative thoughts about self, world and future.
Challenge thoughts and replace them with more realistic ones
How does it work? Complete the flow diagram....

5. Therapist helps client identify negative thoughts & keep a diary
“I have never had a successful relationship & I never will”
Therapist challenges dysfunctional cognitions by drawing to positive incidents (however small)
Shows negative thoughts are irrational & unrealistic
REALITY TESTING (homework between sessions e.g. people don’t like me – count how many people smile at you)
Small goals are set to encourage a sense of personal effectiveness and achievement.
i.e. With depressed patients getting out of bed & making a cup of tea
Beck also uses behavioural techniques to encourage positive behaviour

6. Disputing Beliefs
Logical Disputing – self defeating beliefs do not follow logically from the information available
does thinking this way make sense?
Empirical Disputing – self defeating beliefs may not be consistent with reality
where is the proof that my belief is accurate?
Pragmatic Disputing – emphasises the lack of usefulness of self defeating beliefs
How is this belief likely to help me?

7. AO2  Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Strengths
Acknowledge complex cognitive processes
Effective treatment – 90%
evidence may last longer than effects of drugs

8. AO2  Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Limitations
Some negative thoughts are rational & realistic
Some people may find self-monitoring stressful and threatening