1. Introduction to Management
‘To own a shop is easy, to keep it open is an art’

2. Management
Management refers to the ability to achieve results through people and resources. It involves planning, organising, and controlling the work to be done and requires leading, motivating and communicating with people.
Managers are the people specifically responsible for achieving the objectives set out for the business.
Example of managers: General Manager, Human Resource Manager, Financial manager, School Principal, a team manager.

3. The Management Activities
1.Planning – involves setting out clear goals/objectives for the business and the strategy by which these are to be achieved. It allows a business to know where it wants to go and how it will get there.
2. Organising – means making the plan happen. It involves bringing the human, physical and financial resources together to achieve the objectives of the business.

4. Activities
3. Controlling – refers to monitoring and checking results to see if they are in line with set objectives/targets set out in the plans and taking corrective action when required.

5. Management skills
1.Leadership – the ability to influence people and get them to work towards a common objective. 2. Motivation – the ability to get staff to work hard and contribute their best. This involves providing suitable incentives and rewards.

6. Communication
3. Communication refers to the ability to transfer information between people and organisations.
(Effective manager must be able to communicate well with other people. They are good listeners and clear communicators.)

7. Activities and Skills Summary
Management Activities
Planning the business
Organising the business
Controlling the business
Management Skills
Leading staff
Motivating staff
Communicating with staff

8. Characteristics of Managers
Decisive
Confident
Flexible
Highly motivated
Good time managers
Good communicators
Positive and future focused
Desire to achieve
Delegater’s
Organised
Good leaders

9. Characteristics of Managers
–Decisive: Managers collect all information, analyse information and situations, and make quick and clear decisions.
–Hard-working: Managers must be willing to spend long hours and work hard to ensure the success of the business.
–Self-Belief: Managers must have the self-belief and confidence to make the correct decisions.
–Human relations: Managers must have the ability to interact well with other human beings, especially when dealing with employees.

10. Characteristics of Managers
–Motivated: Managers must have self-drive to ensure success and have the ability to motivate others
–Flexible/Adaptable: Managers must be able to adapt to new situations and changes etc.
–Desire to Achieve: Must have strong desire for business to succeed.

11. Time Management: This involves prioritising and proper scheduling of work so that the best use is made of the time available.
Stress Management: This involves managers finding ways of reducing stress levels by delegating work and reorganising schedules. It is important to reduce stress levels as stress lowers motivation and productivity

12. Where is management relevant
Management in homes and personal life
Parents preparing a household budget
Management in schools
The school Principal is a manager. She runs the school, employs teachers, draws up timetables, communicates with parents, students and teachers
Management in local community
Tidy Towns committees must manage the efforts to ensure they achieve their objective
Managers of club teams
Management in business
Managers must make sure employees do their work (HRM), customers are satisfied (General manager)
Management in government
Ministers in charge of each Gvt department.

13. Comparing Entrepreneurs and Managers
Ideas and energy- Entrepreneurs have the ideas, energy and enthusiasm to start a new business. They have greater levels of initiative than managers.
Managers are good at planning, organising and controlling a business and dealing with staff but may have little entrepreneurial instinct. Managers implement the business idea.(2)

14. Comparing
Risk taking – Entrepreneurs take personal and financial risks in the hope that they will be profitable. Not every entrepreneur has the ability to run a business.
Managers on the other hand are employees with no stake in ownership of business. They share in decision making but do not take personal risks. They receive a salary for their efforts.

15. Skills Difference- Entrepreneurs may be hopeless at day to day planning and organising their business or communicating so therefore they delegate the running of the business to managers who are experienced and skilled at looking after the details of a business like employee matters, productivity etc.
Entrepreneurs can focus on long term future like new products or new markets.

16. Leadership
Refers to the means by which individuals or groups or people are influenced to work towards the achievement of agreed objectives
3 Styles of Leadership
- Autocratic
- Democratic
- Laissez-faire
1: Autocratic
•Dictator style
•Staff receive orders from boss to be carried immediately.
•No consultation or discussion with staff
•One-way communication (Top down)
•No delegation of work